Additional Readings on the Presidency

Fall 2003

 

Note that these readings are not exhaustive.  They will provide you with some of the core materials and research in this area and direct you to the broader literature in each subfield of the presidency. 

 

 

Overview and Approaches

 

Abshire, David, ed.   2001.  Triumphs and Tragedies of the Modern Presidency: 

            Seventy-six Case Studies in Presidential Leadership.  Westport, Ct.:  Praeger

            and Center for the Study of the Presidency.

 

Barber, James D.  1972.  The Presidential Character: Predicting Performance in

            the White House.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

 

Cronin, Thomas E., and Michael A. Genovese.  1998.  The Paradoxes of the

            American Presidency.  New York: Oxford University Press.

 

Edwards, George C., III, John H. Kessel, and Bert A. Rockman, eds.  1993.  Researching

            the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches.  Pittsburgh: University of

            Pittsburgh Press.

 

Gergen, David.  2000.  Eyewitness to Power: The Essence of Leadership, Nixon to

            Clinton.  New York: Simon and Schuster.

 

Jones, Charles O.  1998. Passages to the Presidency:  From Campaigning to Governing.

            Washington, D.C.:  Brookings.

 

King, Gary, and Lyn Ragsdale.  1988.  The Elusive Executive: Discovering Statistical

            Patterns in the Presidency.  Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

Milkis, Sidney M., and Michael Nelson.  1999.  The American Presidency: Origins

            and Development, 1776-1998. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

Neustadt, Richard E.  1960.  Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership.  New

            York: John Wiley and Sons.

 

Pfiffner, James P., and Roger H. Davidson.  eds.  1997.  Understanding the Presidency.

            New York: Longman.

 

Quirk, Paul J.  1991.  “What Do We Know and How Do We Know It? Research on

            the Presidency.”  In Political Science: Looking to the Future, Volume 4,

            American Institutions.  ed. William Crotty.  Evanston, IL: Northwestern

            University Press.

 

Roper, J. 2000.  The American Presidents:  Heroic Leadership from Kennedy to

            Clinton.  Edinburgh:  Edinburgh University.

 

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. 1997. “Rating the presidents:  From Washington to

            Clinton,” Political Science Quarterly 112 (Summer):179-90.

 

Shapiro, R. Y., M. J. Kumar, et al., eds. 2000. Presidential Power: Forging the

            Presidency for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Columbia University.

 

Watson, Robert P., and Ann Gordon.  Eds. 2003.  Anticipating Madam President.

            Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

 

The George W. Bush Administration

 

Dubose, Lou, Jan Reid, and Carl M. Cannon.  2003.  Boy Genius: Karl Rove, the

            Brains Behind the Remarkable Political Triumph of George W. Bush.

            New York: Public Affairs.

 

The Clinton Administration

 

Berman, William C.  2001.  From the Center to the Edge: The Politics and Policies

            of the Clinton Presidency.  Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

 

Campbell, Colin, and Bert A. Rockman, eds.  2000. The Clinton Legacy.  New York: 

            Seven Bridges/Chatham House.

 

Denton, R. E., Jr. and R. L. Holloway, Eds. 2003. Images, Scandal, and Communication

             Strategies of the Clinton Presidency. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

 

Greenstein, Fred. I., 1993-94. “The Presidential Leadership Style of Bill Clinton:  An

            Early Appraisal,” Political Science Quarterly 108(4):589-601.

 

Hayden, J. 2001. Covering Clinton: The President and the Press in the 1990s. Westport,

            CT: Greenwood.

 

Maurer, P. J. 1999. "Media Feeding Frenzies:  Press Behavior during Two Clinton

            Scandals." Presidential Studies Quarterly 29(1):65-79.

 

Meeropol, Michael. 1999. “Surrender:  How the Clinton Administration Completed

            the Reagan Revolution,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 29(3:718-.

 

Milkis, Sidney M., and Michael Nelson. 1999. The American Presidency: Origins and

            Development, 1776-1998.  Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

Nelson, M. 1998. "Bill Clinton and the Politics of Second Terms." Presidential Studies

            Quarterly 28(4):786-92.

 

Pious, R. M. 1999. "The Paradox of Clinton Winning and the Presidency Losing."

            Political Science Quarterly 114(4):569-.

 

Quirk, P. J. 1998. "Coping with the Politics of Scandal." Presidential Studies

            Quarterly 28(4): 898-.

 

Renshon, Stanley A. (1998).   High Hopes:  The Clinton Presidency and the Politics of

            Ambition.  New York:  Routledge.

 

Rozell, M. J. 1998. "Executive Privilege in the Lewinsky Scandal:  Giving a Good

            Doctrine a Bad Name." Presidential Studies Quarterly 28(4):816-20.           

 

Rozell, M. J. and C. Wilcox, Eds. 2000. The Clinton Scandal and the Future of

            American Government. Washington, DC: Georgetown University.

 

Schier, Steven, ed. 2002.  The Postmodern Presidency:  Bill Clinton’s Legacy in

            U.S. Politics.  Pittsburgh:  University of Pittsburgh Press.

 

Skocpol, Theda.  1997.  Boomerang: Clinton’s Health Security Effort and the Turn

            Against Government in U.S. Politics.  New York: Norton.

 

Stuckey, M. E. and S. Wabshall. 2000. "Sex, Lies, and Presidential Leadership:

            Interpretations of the Office." Presidential Studies Quarterly 30(3):514-33.

 

Wayne, Steven J. 1999. “Symposium – Clinton’s Legacy:  The Clinton Persona.”

            PS:  Political Science & Politics, 32(3):558+.

 

Woodward, Bob. 1994. The Agenda:  Inside the Clinton White House. New York:

            Simon & Schuster.

 

The George H. W. Bush  Administration

 

Milkis, Sidney M., and Michael Nelson. 1999. The American Presidency: Origins and

            Development, 1776-1998.  Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

The Reagan Administration

 

Light, Paul C.  1991. Rev. ed.  The President's Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice

            From Kennedy to Reagan.  Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.

 

Mayer, Jane, and Doyle McManus.  1988.  Landslide: The Unmaking of the President,

            1984-1988.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

 

Milkis, Sidney M., and Michael Nelson. 1999. The American Presidency: Origins and

            Development, 1776-1998.  Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

Schmertz, Eric J., Natalie Datlof, and Alexej Ugrinsky. Eds. 1997.  Ronald Reagan's

            America.  Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

 

Wallison, Peter J.  2003.  Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of

            His Presidency.  Cambridge, MA: Westview Press.

 

Nomination Process, the General Election¸ and Midterm Elections

 

Abramowitz, Alan I. 1999.  “Explaining the success and failure in the 1998

            midterm elections:  comparing the influence of swing voters and core

            party supporters,” PS:  Political Science & Politics, 32:1(March):60-62.

 

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Jonathan Nagler.  1998.  “Economics, Entitlements, and

            Social Issues: Voter Choice in the 1996 Presidential Election.” American

            Journal of Political Science  42(4):1349-63.

 

Atkeson, Lonna Rae.  1998.  “Divisive Primaries and General Election Outcomes:

            Another Look at Presidential Campaigns.” American Journal of Political

            Science  42(1):256-71.

 

Bohannon, M. 1993. "The Clinton coalition is no myth." Campaigns & Elections

            13(5): 31-33.

 

Carroll, Susan J. 1999 “The Disempowerment of the Gender Gap:  Soccer Moms and

            the 1996 elections.” PS: Political Science & Politics 32:1(March): 7-12.

 

Danmore, David.  1997.  “A Dynamic Model of Candidate Fundraising: The Case

            of Presidential Nomination Campaigns.” Political Research Quarterly 

            50(2):343-64.

 

Frankovic, Kathleen A. 1999. “Why the Gender Gap Became News in 1996.”

            PS: Political Science & Politics 32:1(March): 20-23.

 

Haynes, Audrey A., and Staci L. Rhine.  1998.  “Attack Politics in Presidential

            Nomination Campaigns: An Examination of the Frequency and

            Determinants of Intermediated Negative Messages Against Opponents.”

            Political Research Quarterly  51(3):691-722.

 

Haynes, Audrey A., Paul-Henri Gurian, and Stephen M. Nichols.  1997.  “The Role of

            Campaign Spending in Presidential Nomination Campaigns.” Journal of Politics

            59(1):213-25.

 

Hetherington, Marc J.  1996.  “The Media's Role in Forming Voters' National Economic

            Evaluations in 1992.” American Journal of Political Science  40(2):372-95.

 

Hinckley, Katherine A., and John C. Green.  1996.  “Fund-Raising in Presidential

            Nomination Campaigns: The Primary Lessons of 1988.” Political Research

            Quarterly  49(4):693-718.

 

Hinckley, Katherine A., and John C. Green.  1996.  “Reply: 'We Can't Believe He Ate

            The Whole Thing.'“ Political Research Quarterly  49(4):727-28.

 

Huckfeldt, Robert, John Sprague, and Jeffrey Levine. 2000. “The Dynamics of

            Collective Deliberation in the 1996 Election:  Campaign Effects on

            Accessibility, Certainty, and Accuracy,” American Political Science Review

            94(3):641-51.

 

Jackson, J., and William Crotty.  1996.  The Politics of Presidential Selection.  New

            York: Harper Collins.

 

Jacobson, Gary C. 1999). "Impeachment politics in the 1998 Congressional elections."

            Political Science Quarterly 114(1): 31-33.

 

Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, Erika Falk and Susan Sherr. (1999) “The Enthymeme Gap in

            the 1996 Presidential Campaign.” PS: Political Science & Politics 32(1):12-17.

 

Jones, Mark P.  1999.  “Electoral Laws and the Effective Number of Candidates in

            Presidential Elections.” Journal of Politics  61(1):171-84.

 

Lengle, James I., Diana Owen, and Molly Sonner.  1995.  “Divisive Nominating

            Mechanisms and Democratic Party Electoral Prospects.” Journal of Politics

            57(2):370-83.

 

Lynch, G. Patrick.  1999. “Presidential Elections and the Economy 1872 to 1996: The

            Times They Are A Changin or the Song Remains the Same.” Political Research

            Quarterly 52(4):825-44.

 

Mayer, William G.  1996.  “Comment: Of Money and Momentum.” Political Research

            Quarterly  49(4):719-26.

 

Mutz, Diana C.  1995.  “Effects of Horse-Race Coverage on Campaign Coffers:

            Strategic Contributing in Presidential Primaries.” Journal of Politics  57(4):

            1015-42.

 

Mutz, Diana C.  1997.  “Mechanisms of Momentum: Does Thinking Make It So?”

            Journal of Politics  59(1):104-25.

 

Norpoth, Helmut.  1996.  “Presidents and the Prospective Voter.” Journal of Politics

            58(3):776-805.

 

Petrocik, John R.  1996.  “Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, With a 1980

            Case Study.” American Journal of Political Science  40(3):825-50.

 

Sabato, Larry J. ed.  2002.  Overtime! The Election 2000 Thriller.  New York:

            Longman Publishers.

 

Shumaker, Paul, and Burdett Loomis. Eds. 2002. Choosing a President: The Electoral

            College and Beyond.  New York: Chatham House.

 

Shaw, Daron R. 1999.  “The Methods Behind the Madness: Presidential Electoral

            College Strategies, 1988-1996.”  Journal of Politics 61(4):893-913.

 

Sigelman, Lee, and Paul J. Wahlbeck.  1997.  “The “Veepstakes”: Strategic Choice

            in Presidential Running Mate Selection.”  American Political Science

            Review  91(4):855-64.

 

Stone, Walter J., Ronald B. Rapoport, and Lonna Rae Atkeson.  1995.  “A Simulation

            Model of Presidential Nomination Choice.” American Journal of Political

            Science  39(1):135-61.

 

Tenpas, K. D. 1998. "The Clinton Reelection Machine: Placing the Party Organization

            in Peril." Presidential Studies Quarterly 28(4): 761-67.

 

Thomas, Dan B., and Larry R. Baas.  1996.  “The Postelection Campaign:

            Competing Constructions of the Clinton Victory in 1992.” Journal of Politics

            58(2):309-31.

 

Wattenberg, M. P. 1999. "The Democrats' Decline in the House during the Clinton

            Presidency:  An Analysis of Partisan Swings." Presidential Studies Quarterly

            29(3): 685-9.

 

Wayne, Stephen J.  1997.  The Road to the White House 1996: The Politics of

            Presidential Elections. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

 

Wayne, Stephen J. 1998. “With Enemies Like This, Who Needs Friends?” Presidential

            Studies Quarterly 28(4):773-.

 

Wayne, Stephen J.  2001.  The Road to the White House 2000: The Politics of

            Presidential Elections, Post-Election Edition.  Boston: Bedford St. Martins.

 

Whitman, Mark. Ed. 2003. Florida 2000: A Sourcebook on the Contested Presidential

            Election.  Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

 

Running the Office: Personality and Institutions

 

Borrelli, MaryAnne.  2002.  The President’s Cabinet: Gender, Power, and

            Representation.  Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

 

Borrelli, MaryAnne, and Janet M. Martin. Eds. 1997.  The Other Elites: Women,

            Politics, and Power in the Executive Branch.  Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

 

Burke, John P.  2000.  Presidential Transitions: From Politics to Practice.

            Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

 

George, Alexander L., and Juliette L. George.  1998.  Presidential Personality

            and Performance.  Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

 

Greenstein, Fred. I., 1993-94. “The Presidential Leadership Style of Bill Clinton:  An

            Early Appraisal,” Political Science Quarterly 108(4):589-601.

 

Lewis, David E., and James Michael Strine.  1996.  “What Time Is It?  The Use of

            Power in Four Different Types of Presidential Time.” Journal of Politics

            682-706.

 

Pfiffner, James P.  1996.  2nd ed.  The Strategic Presidency: Hitting the Ground

            Running.  Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

 

Pfiffner, James P.  1998.  2nd ed.  The Modern Presidency.  New York: St. Martin's

            Press.

 

Preston, T. 2001. The President and His Inner Circle:  Leadership Style and the

             Advisory Process in Foreign Policy Making. New York, Columbia University.

 

Ragsdale, Lyn, and John J. Theis, III.  1997.  “The Institutionalization of the American

            Presidency, 1924-1992.”  American Journal of Political Science 41(4):

 

The President, the Public, and the Media

 

Baum, Matthew A., and Samuel Kernell. 1999.  “Has Cable Ended the Golden Age of

            Presidential Television.”  American Review of Political Science 93(1):99-114.

 

Cohen, Jeffrey E.  1995.  “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda.”  American

            Journal of Political Science  39(1):87-107.

 

Collier, Kenneth, and Terry Sullivan.  1995.  “New Evidence Undercutting the Linkage

            of Approval with Presidential Support and Influence.”  Journal of Politics 57(1):

            197-209.

 

Denton, R. E., Jr. and R. L. Holloway, Eds. 2003. Images, Scandal, and Communication

             Strategies of the Clinton Presidency. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

 

Edwards, George C. III.  2003.  On Deaf Ears: The Limits of the Bully Pulpit.  New

            Haven: Yale University Press.

 

Groeling, Tim, and Samuel Kernell.  1998.  “Is Network News Coverage of the President

            Biased?”  The Journal of Politics 60(4):1063-87.

 

Hayden, J. 2001. Covering Clinton: The President and the Press in the 1990s. Westport,

            CT: Greenwood.

 

Heith, D. J. 2000. "Polling for a Defense:  The White House Public Opinion Apparatus

            and the Clinton Impeachment." Presidential Studies Quarterly 30(4): 783-90.

 

Jacobs, L. R. and R. Y. Shapiro. 2000. Politicians Don't Pander:  Political Manipulation

            and the Loss of Democratic Responsiveness. Chicago: University of Chicago.

 

Kernell, Samuel.  1997.  3rd ed.  Going Public: New Strategies in Presidential

            Leadership.  Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

Edwards, George C. III, and Tami Swenson.  1997.  “Who Rallies?  The Anatomy

            of a Rally Event.”  Journal of Politics  59(1):200-12.

 

Edwards, George C., III, William Mitchell, and Reed Welch.  1995.  “Explaining

            Presidential Approval: The Significance of Issue Salience.” American

            Journal of Political Science  39(1):108-34.

 

Groeling, Tim, and Samuel Kernell.  1998.  “Is Network News Coverage of the

            President Biased?” Journal of Politics  60(4):1063-87.

 

Haynes, Audrey A., and Staci L. Rhine.  1998.  “Attack Politics in Presidential

            Nomination Campaigns: An Examination of the Frequency and

            Determinants of Intermediated Negative Messages Against Opponents.”

            Political Research Quarterly  51(3):691-722.

 

Hetherington, Marc J.  1996.  “The Media's Role in Forming Voters' National Economic

            Evaluations in 1992.” American Journal of Political Science  40(2):372-95.

 

Hill, Kim Quaile.  1998.  “The Policy Agendas of the President and the Mass Public:

            A Research Validation and Extension.” American Journal of Political Science

            42(4):1328-34.

 

Maurer, P. J. 1999. "Media Feeding Frenzies:  Press Behavior during Two Clinton

            Scandals." Presidential Studies Quarterly 29(1):65-79.

 

Mermin, J. 1997. "Television news and American intervention in Somalia: the myth of

            a media-driven foreign policy." Political Science Quarterly 112(3):385-404.

 

Mutz, Diana C.  1995.  “Effects of Horse-Race Coverage on Campaign Coffers:

            Strategic Contributing in Presidential Primaries.” Journal of Politics  57(4):

            1015-42.

 

Mutz, Diana C.  1997.  “Mechanisms of Momentum: Does Thinking Make It So?”

            Journal of Politics  59(1):104-25.

 

Nadeau, Richard, Richard G. Niemi, David P. Fan, and Timothy Amato.  1999.

            “Elite Economic Forecasts, Economic News, Mass Economic Judgements,

            and Presidential Approval.” Journal of Politics  61(1):109-35.

 

Sabato, Larry J. ed.  2002.  Overtime! The Election 2000 Thriller.  New York:

            Longman Publishers.

 

Shah, Dhavan V., Mark D. Watts, David Domke, David P. Fan, and Michael Fibison.

            1999.  “News Coverage, Economic Cues, and the Public's Presidential

            Preferences: 1948-1996.”  Journal of Politics 61(4):914-43.

 

Waterman, Richard, Hank C.  Jenkins-Smith, and Carol L. Silva. 1999.  “The

            Expectations Gap Thesis: Public Attitudes Toward an Incumbent President.”

            Journal of Politics 61(4):944-66.

 

The Presidency Among Other Institutions in the Policy Process

 

Conley, Richard S. 1999. “Derailing Presidential Fast-Track Authority: The Impact of

            Constinuency Pressures and Political Ideology on Trade Policy in Congress.”

            Political Research Quarterly 52(4):785-800.

 

Fett, Patrick F.  1994.  “Presidential Legislative Priorities and Legislators' Voting

            Decisions: An Exploratory Analysis.”  Journal of Politics  56(2):502-12.

 

Flemming, Roy B., Michael C. MacLeod, and Jeffery Talbert.  1998.  “Witnesses at

            the Confirmations?  The Appearance of Organized Interests at Senate

            Hearings on Federal Judicial Appointments, 1945-1992.”  Political

            Research Quarterly  51(3):617-32.

 

Hood, M.V. III, Irwin L. Morris, and Grant W. Neeley.  1999. “Penny Pinching or

            Politics? The Line Item Veto and Military Construction Appropriations.”

            Political Research Quarterly 52(4):753-66.

 

Light, Paul C.  1991. Rev. ed.  The President's Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice

            From Kennedy to Reagan.  Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.

 

Nelson, Michael.  1998.  The Presidency and the Political System.  5th Ed.  Washington,

            DC: CQ Press.

 

Edwards, George, and Stephen J. Wayne.  1997.  Presidential Leadership: Politics

            and Policy Making.  4th ed.  New York: St. Martin’s Press.

 

Krutz, Glen S., Richard Fleisher, and Jon R. Bond.  1998. “From Abe Fortas to Zoë

            Baird: Why Some Presidential Nominations Fail in the Senate.” American

            Political Science Review 92(4):871-82.

 

McCarty, Nolan M. 2000.  “Presidential Pork: Executive Veto Power and Distributive

            Politics.” American Political Science Review 94(1): 117-30. 

 

Meernik, James, and Kimi Lynn King.  1999. “The Supreme Court and the Powers of

            the Executive: The Adjudication of Foreign Policy.” Political Research

            Quarterly 52(4):801-24.

 

Thurber, James A.  ed.  1996.  Rivals for Power: Presidential-Congressional Relations.

            Washington, DC: CQ Press.

 

Edwards, George C., III, Andrew Barrett, and Jeffrey Peake.  1997.  “The Legislative

            Impact of Divided Government.” American Journal of Political Science 41(2):

            545-63.

 

Shields, Todd, and Chi Huang.  1995.  “Presidential Vetoes: An Event Count Model.”

            Political Research Quarterly  48(3):559-72.

 

Covington, Cary R., J. Mark Wrighton, and Rhonda Kinney.  1995.  “A 'Presidency-

            Augmented' Model of Presidential Success on House Roll Call Votes.”

            American Journal of Political Science  39(4):1001-24.

 

Andrade, Lydia, and Garry Young.  1996.  “Presidential Agenda Setting: Influences on

            the Emphasis of Foreign Policy.” Political Research Quarterly  49(3):591-606.

 

Meinhold, Stephen S., and Steven A. Shull.  1998.  “Policy Congruence Between the

            President and the Solicitor General.”  Political Research Quarterly 51(2):527-38.

 

Yates, Jeff, and Andrew Whitford.  1998.  “Presidential Power and the United States

            Supreme Court.” Political Research Quarterly 51(2):239-50.

 

The Presidency and the Bureaucracy

 

Deering, Christopher J., and Forrest Maltzmann.  1999.  “The Politics of Executive

            Orders: Legislative Constraints on Presidential Power.” Political Research

            Quarterly 52(4):767-84.

 

Wood, B. Dan, and Richard W. Waterman.  1994.  Bureaucratic Dynamics. Boulder, CO:

            Westview. (great book but it’s out of print).

 

Ringquist, Evan J.  1995.  “Political Control and Policy Impact in EPA’s Office of

            Water Quality.”  American Journal of Political Science  39:336-63.

 

Hunter, Susan, and Richard W. Waterman.  1996.  Enforcing the Law: The Case of the

            Clean Water Acts.  Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.

 

Epstein, David, and Sharyon O'Halloran.  1996.  “Divided Government and the Design

            of Administrative Procedures: A Formal Model and Empirical Test.” Journal

            of Politics  58(2):373-97.

 

Shull, Steven A., and David Garland.  1996.  “Presidential Influence Versus Agency

            Characteristics in Explaining Policy Implementation.” Policy Studies Review

            14(1-2):49-71.

 

The Presidency and Foreign Policy

 

Banks, W. C. and J. D. Straussman. 1999. "A new imperial presidency?  Insights from

            U.S. involvement in Bosnia." Political Science Quarterly 114(2):195-98.

 

Brands, H. W., Ed. 2000. The Use of Force after the Cold War. College Station, TX:

            Texas A&M.

 

Burkhalter, H. J. 1994-1995. "The Question of Genocide:  The Clinton Administration

            and Rwanda." World Policy Journal 11(Winter): 44-54.

 

Clark, Wesley K.  2001.  Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Future of

            Combat.  New York: Public Affairs.

 

Edwards, George C. III, and Tami Swenson.  1997.  “Who Rallies?  The Anatomy

            of a Rally Event.”  Journal of Politics  59(1):200-12.

 

Haass, R. N. 2000. "The Squandered Presidency - Demanding More from the

            Commander-in-Chief.” Foreign Affairs 79(3):136-.

 

James, Patrick, and Athanasios Hristoulas.  1994.  “Domestic Politics and Foreign

            Policy: Evaluating a Model of Crisis Activity for the United States.”

            Journal of Politics  56(2):327-48.

 

Jewett, A. W. and M. D. Turetzky (1998). "Stability and Change in President Clinton's Foreign Policy Beliefs, 1993-1996." Presidential Studies Quarterly 28(3): 638-65.

 

Schwenninger, S. R. 1999. "World Order Lost:  American Foreign Policy in the

            Post-Cold War World." World Policy Journal 16(2):42-71.

 

Walker, M. 1997. "Present at the Solution:  Madeleine Albright's Ambitious

            Foreign Policy." World Policy Journal 14(Spring):1-10.

 

Worth, R. 1998. "Clinton's Warriors:  The Interventionists." World Policy Journal

            15:1(Spring):43-8.

 

Meernik, James, and Peter Waterman.  1996.  “The Myth of the Diversionary Use of

            Force by American Presidents.”  Political Research Quarterly  49(3):573-90.

 

Mermin, J. 1997. "Television news and American intervention in Somalia: the myth of

            a media-driven foreign policy." Political Science Quarterly 112(3):385-404.

 

Morley, Morris. 1997. “’Disobedient’ Generals and the Politics of Redemocratization:

            The Clinton Administration and Haiti,” Political Science Quarterly

            112(3):363-84.

 

Preston, T. 2001. The President and His Inner Circle:  Leadership Style and the

             Advisory Process in Foreign Policy Making. New York, Columbia University.

 

Wood, B. Dan, and Jeffrey S. Peake.  1998.  “The Dynamics of Foreign Policy

            Agenda Setting.”  American Political Science Review  92(1):173-84.

 

First Wives

 

Anthony, Carl Sferrazza.  1992. First Ladies: The Saga of the President's Wives and

            Their Power, 1789-1961.  Reprint edition. Quill.

 

Chadakoff, Rochelle, and David Emblidge.  1989.  Eleanor Roosevelt’s My Day.

            New York: Pharos Books.

 

Gould, Lewis L.  1996.  American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy.

            Garland.

 

Gould, Lewis L.  1999.  Lady Bird Johnson: Our Environmental First Lady.  Lawrence:

            University Press of Kansas.

 

Lindsay, Rae. 2001.  The Presidents' First Ladies.  Rev. ed. Gilmour House.

 

Marton, Kati.  2001. Hidden Power: Presidential Marriages That Shaped Our Recent

            History.  Pantheon Books

 

Truman, Margaret. 1996.  First Ladies.  Fawcett Books.

 

Watson, Robert P.  2000.  The Presidents’ Wives: Reassessing the Office of the First

            Lady.  Lynne Rienner.

 

 

Modern First Ladies and the presidency. Lewis L. Gould. Presidential Studies Quarterly, Fall 1990 v20 n4  p677(7).

 

The legacy of Eleanor Roosevelt. Betty Houchin Winfield. Presidential Studies Quarterly, Fall 1990 v20 n4  p699(8).

 

Wives in the White House: the political influence of first ladies. Karen O'Connor,         Bernadette Nye and Laura van Assendelft. Presidential Studies Quarterly, Summer 1996 v26 n3 p835(19).

 

The First Ladies' Character: Applying Barber's Character Study to the Presidential Spouses. Robert P. Watson. White House Studies, Wntr 2001 v1 i1 p51(14).

 

Introduction to the Special Issue on First Ladies. Robert P. Watson. The Social Science Journal, Oct 2000 v37 i4 p499.

 

Role Constraints and First Ladies. Gary D. Wekkin. The Social Science Journal, Oct 2000 v37 i4 p601. 

 

Overcoming Traditional Boundaries: The Role of Political Activity in Media Coverage of First Ladies. Erica Scharrer and Kim Bissell.  Women & Politics, Wntr 2000 v21 i1 p55(29).

 

President's wives and first ladies: on achieving eminence within a traditional gender role. Dean Keith Simonton. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, Sept 1996 v35 n5-6 p309(28).