Knossos Hieroglyphic Documents

The Hieroglyphic Documents from Knossos

a web edition of CHIC with commentary

inaugural date: 12 November 2005; last update: 28 June 2022

Comments, corrections, questions: John Younger (jyounger@ku.edu)

Notes
For best viewing results, widen this webfile to at least 25 cm.

In the commentary (not in the headings), CHIC documents (numbers preceded by #) in bold (e.g., #225) are sealstones or impressions.

In the "normalizations" (phonetic readings) suggested below, the phonetic identifications of the Hiero signs are based on Notes on the Signs, a separate study of the individual signs, their resemblances to Linear A/B signs and the patterns of their use in Hiero. The phonetic values of signs in black are considered certain; those in red are considered probable; and those in green are considered possible. With green values, sometimes only the consonant is guessed and the syllable is then rendered as in the following Kv.

A raised asterisk after the syllabogram indicates the reading is doubtful (e.g., ^*), similarly for transnumerations and normalizations (e.g., 042 A).

KNOSSOS

#001. KN Ha (HMs 183 [SM I, P77]), Crescent, unimpressed (2.9 x 1.2 x 0.9 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a no seal impression

b vacat

g X ^* X 053-034-031-070

d vacat

Comments
g: CHIC's notes to #091 compares this signgroup to 070-031-034 (#091.b). JGY: cf. 070-094-034 (#328), and 070-031-019 (#054.e). The initial X, then, belongs to the logogram ^* *053. And the remaining signgroup is to be read retrograde.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g X ^* 070-031-034 X 053 RO-RE-TA VAS

#002. KN Ha (HMs 184 [SM I, P78]), Crescent, unimpressed (3 x 1.4 x 1.3 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a no seal impression

b vacat

g X ^* X 013-056-068

d ] >? ]050-016 >?

Comments
g: JGY: 068 is apparently always a terminal sign; and 013 is apparently always the logogram BOS *152 (cf. ^* 068-009-011 [#225]).
d: JGY: compare X X X 042 050-016 X 042 (#003.d; see note), and X X 050-016 (#032.a2).

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

d-c ] ^* X ]050-016 *152 056-068 ]TI-KI BOS X KU-068

#003. KN Ha (AM/ 1910.206/<169> [SM I, P76]), nodulus, unimpressed (3.3 x 1.7 x 1.3 cm)
As on the nodulus

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a no seal impression

b X X 016-054

g X X 009-077-013-020

d X X X 057-016 050-016-042 X

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a no seal impression

b X X 016-054

g X X 009-077-013-020

d1 X X 057-016

d2 X X 042-016-050

Comments
JGY: g: the signgroup is also engraved on a sealstone 009-077-013-020 (#139), probably a name.
d: CHIC: d1 (read retrograde) and d2 (read orthograde) are separated by a break in the clay (in fact, each signgroup is written on an inclined plane, and the two planes meet in the center). JGY: Since X X 042 is actually removed toward the edge of the crescent face, there are in fact three signgroups.
JGY: The order of the two-sign signgroups (X 057-016, 050-016) reverses that on #032.a2-b: X X 050-016 X X 057-047-061.
JGY: For 057-016, cf. X ^* X 016-057-013-074-075 (#053.c2); 050-016 recurs on #002.d and #032.a2.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g X X 009-077-013-020 A₂-077-MU₂-020

b X X 016-054 KI-DE

d1 X X 042 = *175 A
d2 X X 057-016 KI-KI

d3 050-016 TI-KI

a no seal impression

#004. KN Ha (HMs 171 [SM I, P68]), Crescent, impressed (3.7 x 1.5 x 0.9 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (not H: spirals around rayed circle [CMS II 8.44])

b vacat vacat

g X X 019-038-059

d vacat vacat

Comments
g: the signgroup (over an erasure) is a hapax legomenon.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g X X 019-038-059 X SA-JA-059

b, d vacat vacat vacat

Compare
g: Linear A: SA-JA-MA (HT 31.3) associated with at leaast 30 vases: 402VAS, 415VAS, and 416VAS.

#005. KN Ha (AM 1910.207 = HMs <175> [SM I, P75]), Crescent, impressed ([3.1] x 1.6 x 0.9 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.63 [#159]; CMS II 8.62 [#160])

b vacat vacat

g ] [ >< ]047-092[ ><

d vacat vacat

Comments
g: CHIC: 092 over an erasure; probably ]•[; ]147-092-•[. JGY: The preserved signgroup is a hapax legomenon; as the only inscribed signgroup, it should be a heading.
a2: #160: CHIC reads ]^* ]028-020-041, a hapax legomenon. The four-sided prism #303 carries X X 062-020-028 (#303.a), which supports a retrograde reading here. On another face of this seal appears 044-049 KO-RO₃ (#303.d), a transaction term (? Linear A KU-RO, "balance," "total," "paid"), which parallels the other impression on this crescent.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g ][ >< ]047-092[ ]QE-RU[

a2 (#160) ^*[ <? 041-020-028[ > WA- 020-028[

a1 (#159) ] ]044-049 KO-RO₃

b, d vacat vacat vacat

Compare
g: Linear A: QE-RA₂-U (HT 1.1-2; HT 95a.4-5, 95b.4-5); cf. QE-RA₂-JA (HT 3.2), or some transaction term like KU-RO or KI-RO
a2: Linear A: < ]KO-A-DU-WA (TY 3a.6), > -A-JA-KU (KN Zf 13)
a1: Linear A: ? KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid")

#006. KN Ha (HMs 177 [SM I, P57]), Crescent, impressed (3.2 x 1.2 x 1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (not H: blobs on gold ring) (CMS II 8.59)

b vacat vacat

g *154

d vacat vacat

Comments
g: *154 reccurs on KN tablet #068 and PH tablet #122. It is obviously a staple, probably OLIVA (olives): on KN #068, it accompanies *175 A, *151 VIR₃, ^* *156 VINUM, and ^* *153 GRANUM; on PH #122, it accompanies, in 2 lists, *158 OLEUM?, ? *155 FICUS, and *153 GRANUM.

Compare
g: Linear A: *122 OLIVA

#007. KN Ha (HMs 178 [SM I, P74]), Crescent, impressed ([3.1] x 1.4 x 1.1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a no seal impression

b ]vacat vacat

g 2 impressions (H & not H) (CMS II 8.83 [#161] & 85); or both H??)

d ] ]*156

Comments
d. CHIC: The inscription was not put on face c, which was already impressed with the 2 impressions (normally placed on the opposing face a); JGY: cf. #020. It is as if the inscription and impressions were reversed - the impression providing the standard texts (placename and transaction) and the inscription providing the commodity; on #020, the impression provides not only the transaction, but also the commodity.
g2. If we read the engraved images as an inscription, catface-031 or MA-RE, there are Linear A parallels on HT 55a.1 and possibly PH 30.2; a place Ib-NU-MA-RE is also associated with VIN on ZA 5b.1 and ZA 15a.4-5.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g2 (CMS II 8.85) catface-031 MA-RE

d ] ]*156 ]VINUM

g1 (#161) 044-049 KO-RO₃

a, b vacat vacat vacat

Compare
g2: Linear A: MA-RE (HT 55a.1; PH 30.2?), cf. VINa+SU/ME ... Ib-NU-MA-RE (ZA 5b.1 & ZA 15a.4-4)
d: Linear A: *131 VIN
g1: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid")

#008. KN Ha (HMs 184 [SM I, P55]), Crescent, impressed ([2.9] x 1.3 x [0.6] cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (one not H [interlocking C-spirals] & one ?)

b vacat vacat

g X [ X 028-038-032[

d deest deest

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g X [ 028-038-032 028-JA-032

Compare
g: Linear A: ]-*306-TI-KA-A-RE[ (HT 4.1)

#009. KN Ha (HMs 186), Crescent, impressed ([3.6] x 2.8 x 1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (eroded)

b vacat vacat

g ] >< ]065-063 ><

d vacat vacat

Comments
g: The signgroup may have a parallel: ^*^*[ 065-049-049-063 [ (#269.b).

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g ] ]065-063 >]065-063

#010. KN Ha (HMs 190 [SM I, P72]), Crescent, impressed (3.2 x [1.3] x 1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 3 impressions (not H) (CMS II 8.60 [bull face, 2 x] & CMS II 8.36)

b deest deest

g •• •-038-•

d vacat vacat

Comments
CHIC: theoretically, Linear A is not impossible. g: CHIC: Traces of an erasure.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g •• •-038-• •-JA-•

#011. KN Ha (HMs 192 [SM I, P69]) Crescent, impressed ([2.7] x 1.5 x 1.2 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.76 [#165] & CMS II 8.73 [#166]

b vacat vacat

g ^* [ 049-049028 [

d vacat vacat

Comments
a2. The signgroup in the impression ( 056-047-031 [#166]) recurs in #032.a1, and in the following variant: 047-070-031 (#058.b1), which also recurs undoubtedly in #020.d); cf. 063-047-031 (#052.a2), which is probably to be read j 063-047 *174.
b. CHIC: String mark preserved.
g: CHIC: A deliberate erasure begins under the second - -049. JGY: see the Notes to Sign 028, and Inflection Sequence 5b1.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

a2 (#166) 056-047-031 KU-QE-RE

g ]^* ]028049-049 ]028 -RO₃ RO₃

a1 (#165) ] ]044-005 ]KO-005

b, d vacat vacat

Compare
a2: Linear A: QE-KU-RE (HT 20.2-3; HT Wc 3017), QA-QA-RU (HT 93a.4-5; HT 111a.3?; HT 118.2-3; HT 122b.3-4), QA-*118-RA-RE (HT 96b.1-2), KE-KI-RU (HT 94b.2), KI-KI-RA-JA (HT 85b.1)
g: Hiero KU-RO-RO (#061.e), KU-RO-RO2 (#298.a). Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid"); RO+RO (KH 18.4; KH Wa 1001, 1002)

#012. KN Ha (HMs 202), Crescent, impressed ([2.2] x [1.1] x 0.6 cm). Good color photograph of both impression and inscription: Karetsou, Andreadaki-Vlasaki, Papadaki, Kriti-Aigyptos, Herakleion 2000, p. 156.

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (not H: 3RPr: genius stands to L, holding jug; CMS II 8.195)

b deest deest

g ]X [ ]X 028-049[

d ] vacat [

Comments
g: JGY: for the signgroup, see Notes to Sign 028.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

a impression (not H: 3RPr: genius stands to L, holding jug; CMS II 8.195)

g ]X [ ]X 028-049[ ]X 028-RO₃[

d vacat vacat vacat

b deest deest deest

Compare
g: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid")

#013. KN Ha (HMs 206 [SM I, P63]), Crescent, impressed (3.6 x 1.5 x 0.7 cm)
as on the crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (CMS II 8.71 [#167, also on crescent #015] & CMS II 8.89 [#124])

b vacat vacat

g X • | X •[ X •-062-011-056 | X 044-•[

d vacat vacat

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.71 [#167, also on crescent #015] & CMS II 8.89 [#124])

b vacat vacat

g1 X • | X •-062-011-056 |

g2 X •[ X 044-•[

d vacat vacat

Comments
a1 & a2: 049-070-070 (#167) also impressed #015.a1; for the signgroup compare 056-070-070 (#061.e), and 056-070-040 (#298.a); see Inflection Sequence 5b1. It seems an unlikely coincidence that these two impressed signgroups, 049-070-070 (#167) and X X 040-029-029 (#124), are both composed of three signs, two of which reduplicate; for a Linear A signgroup that contains two reduplicating syllabograms, see the Linear A graffito on plaster, HT Zd 155: A-JU NA-MA-MA-TI-TI-*319.
g: The signgroup 011-056 also appears as ][ ]011-056[ on #015.g, and by itself as 011-056 *153 (#024.g); it may have a variant 011-092 on #026. Here, the signgroup probably needs to be separated from • •-062. Perhaps the first sign is 042; cf. #095.b. Notes to Signgroups XI, suggests, on the analogy of Linear A document HT 30, that 011-056 is an abbreviation for <> 011 056<070>.

Transaction Document
#013 follows the "Balance-Ledger" format (see "Transaction Documents"): we are missing the assessment and the debit (if any), and the amount paid (X •[ X 044-•[ = X 044-049[) is lost. Document #015 may have looked similar.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g1 X ^* X 042-062 A-062

g2 | X ^*[ 011-056 | X 044-049[ 011-KU | KO-RO₃[

a2 X X 040-029-029 RO₂-029-029

a1 049-070-070 RO₃-RO-RO

Compare
g2-3: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid")
a1: Linear A: A-RU-RA-[&149;] (HT 11a.1-2), RA2-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5)

#014. KN Ha (HMs 249), Crescent, impressed ([2.0] x [0.7] x 1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (not H ?: 2 Mallia Workshop jugs) (CMS II 8.61)

b deest deest

g ]•^*[ >< ]•-038[ ><

d vacat vacat

Comments
g: CHIC: theoretically, this could be Linear A.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b deest deest deest

g ]•^*[ ]•-038[ ]•-JA[

a impression: 2 jugs =? 053-053 ? 053-053 ?

d vacat vacat vacat

#015. KN Ha (HMs 1611), Crescent, impressed ([1.9] x 1.4 x 1.2 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (H) (CMS II 8.71 [#167, also on #013])

b ]vacat[

g ] [ >< 011-056[ ><

d ]vacat[

Comments
This document may have looked much like #013.
a1: 049-070-070 (#167) also impressed #013.a1; 056-070-070 (#061.e), and 056-070-040 (#298.a); see Inflection Sequence 5b1.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g ] ]011-056[ ]011-KU[

a (#167) 049-070-070 RO₃-RO-RO

a vacat vacat vacat

Compare

a: Linear A: RA2-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5); A-RU-RA-[ ] (HT 11a.1-2)

#016. KN Ha (HMs 170 [SM I, P53]), Crescent, impressed (4.2 x 1.7 x 1.1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions of the same sealface (not H: KSPI H2 papyrus flower) (CMS II 8.49)

b X •• X ••

g • >< 049-056-• ><

d vacat vacat

Comments
b, c: CHIC: the stylus was frayed or forked (and the clay was already quite dry when inscribed).
b: JGY reads, instead of CHIC's X • •, retrograde, a possible ^*^*^* 057-019-070; compare:

057-019-023 or

^* X

057-019-061 X *154 (#036.a)

057-023-070-018 (=?

057-070-018 *159bis) (#324).
Might the papyrus flower in the seal impression have functioned similarly to

023 in these two signgroups? c: The first sign could be a clumsy initial X, which implies a two-sign signgroup of

056-049, which phonetically spells KU-RO₃, a spelling which would be logical though unique.

Conservatively

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b X •• X •• X ••
g X X 056-049 X KU-RO₃

a1+a2 papyrus flower

d vacat vacat vacat

Extremely

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b+a X ^*^*^* papyrus flower = ? X 057-019-070 *154 ? KI-SA-RO₃ OLIVA ?

g X X 056-049 KU-RO₃

d vacat vacat vacat

Compare
Extremely b+a+g: Linear A: KA-SA-RU (HT 10b.33); SA-RU OLIVA ... KU-RO (HT 123a)

#017. KN Ha (HMs 173 [SM I, P52]), Crescent, impressed ([4.2] x 1.8 x 1.3 cm)
on crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (CMS II 8.45, 47)

b *153

g X X 059-054-031

d vacat vacat

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (not H) (CMS II 8.47, 45)

g-b X X 059-054-031 *153

d vacat vacat

Comments
JGY: a: the two seal impressions depict a star (a1) and a rayed circle (a2).

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g-b X X 059-054-031 *153 059-DE-RE GRA

d vacat vacat vacat

Compare
g-b: Linear: JA-MI-DA-RE (HT 122a.4)

#018. KN Ha (HMs 174 [SM I, P54]), Crescent, impressed (4 x 1.7 x 1 cm)
as on crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (CMS II 8.65 [#158] & 64 [#140])

b X X 009-056-061

g X X X 020-047 X 044-005

d vacat vacat

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.65 [#158], 64 [#140])

b X X 009-056-061

g1 X X 020-047

g2 X X 044-005

d vacat vacat

Comments
CHIC: Signgroup 044-005 occurs in the two impressions and is inscribed on face g.
JGY: a1, a2: the comination 044-005 with an intervening sign is common (see Notes to Sign 013).
JGY: b: For the signgroup, 009-056, see Notes to Signgroups XVI; also see Inflection Sequence 6b.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b X 009-056-061 A-KU-

g1 X 020-047 020-QE

g2 X 044-005 KO-005

a1 (#140) 044-005 *152 BOS KO-005

a2 (#158) 044-005 *065 *065 KO-005

d vacat vacat vacat

Compare
b: Linear a: JA-KU (MA 3b.2); cf. JA-KU-TI (KN 1a.1-2)

#019. KN Ha (HMs 189 [SM I, P70]) Crescent , impressed ([2.9] x 1.7 x 0.8 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (not H: dentine cube: double ax, & trace of a second face) (CMS II 8.124)

b X •[ X •[

g ^*^* •[ >< 025-046 •[ ><

d vacat vacat

Comments
g: CHIC: the signgroup is entirely over the erasure, and only one sign at the edge is half-erased; a dot between the last two signs is inexplicable; the readings here are difficult. That this is Linear A is not inconceivable:]A 07 ]DI, or even A 10-53-04 U-RI-TE.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

a (CMS II 8.124) *175 A

b X •[ X •[ X •[

g ^*^*• >< 025-046• >< >TE-A*301• or <•A*301-TE

d vacat vacat vacat

Compare
a: Linear A: A as logogram: HT 37.5; HT Wa 1147; HT Wa 1148; HT Wa 1149; KH 11.2; KH Wc 2122
g: Linear A: >TE-*301 (HT 8a.3; HT 98a.3); cf. A-TA-I-*301-WA-JA ("Libation Formula")

#020. KN Ha (HMs 200 [SM I, P56]), Crescent , imressed ([1.7] x 1.2 x 1.2 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a no seal impression

b ]•^* >< ]•-078 ><

g impression H (CMS II 8.78 [#145])

d ] >< ]047 ><

Comments
b+d: Both lines of the inscription can be restored from #058, with which this document (and others) forms a set (Knossos Document Set 1A). Face b probably had < 078-032-070 (#058.b2; cf. PE Hh 03), and face d probably had < 047-070 *174 (#058.b1), both inscriptions being read retrograde from CHIC's transcription.
b: CHIC: the inscription was obviously engraved after the impression.
d: CHIC: The inscription was not put on face c, which was already impressed with the 2 impressions (normally placed on the opposing face a. JGY: cf. #007, where the impressions provided the placename and transaction and the inscription provided the commodity; here on #020, the impression provides not only the transaction, but also the commodity, leaving the inscription to provide the placename and a possible corrective to the commodity.
d. for the signgroup, cf. 047-070 (#286.b), and ^* =? 047-049 BOS (#312.g); and 056-047-031 (#032.a1, #166), and 028-047-049-061 (#186).

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b <^*^*[ < 078-032[-070 <DO-032[-RO

d <[ < 047[-070 *174 <QE[-RO RE

g (#145) 044-005 *153 KO-005 GRA

a no seal impression

Compare
b: Linear A: DU-RA-RE (KN Zc 7)
d: Linear A: KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003)

#021. KN Ha 176 (HMs [SM I, P62]), Crescent, impressed (2.9 x 1.6 x 1 cm)
as on the crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (CMS II 8.55)

b vacat vacat

g X X 038-017-049-034

d *153

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (not H: KSPI H4 = double ax) (CMS II 8.55)

b vacat vacat

g-d X X 038-017-049-034 *153

Comments
a: The double ax in the impression may belong to the inscription; compare 042-034-049 (#062.a), and 042-034-007-040 (#070).
g: CHIC: 038-017-034-049 ? JGY: Probably not; 049-034 may be a standard suffix; see Notes to Signgroups III, and compare 052-056-049-034 (#031.a).

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

a CMS II 8.55 = *175 A

g-d X 038-017-049-034 *153 JA-AU-RO₃-TA GRA

b vacat vacat vacat

Compare
a: Linear: A as logogram: HT 37.5; HT Wa 1147; HT Wa 1148; HT Wa 1149; KH 11.2; KH Wc 2122
g-d: Linear A: AU-RE-TE (KH 6.7)

#022. KN Ha (HMs 181 [SM I, P59]), Crescent, impressed (3.5 x 1.7 x 1.3 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.68 [#163])

b ] vacat vacat

g X [ X 055-070-049[

d ]•^* ]•-031

Comments
a. possibly the same seal (#168), though another sealface, that impressed #026.
g: CHIC: traces of erasure.
d: CHIC: 049 less likely.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

a(#168) 042-070-038 A-RO-JA

d ]•^* ]•-031 ]•RE

g X [ X 055-070-049[ X KE-RO-RO₃[

b ] vacat ] vacat ] vacat

Compare
a: Linear A: A-RI-JA[ (PH 28a.3)
g: Linear A: KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003). Hiero: 056-070-070 KU-RO-RO (#061.e), 056-070-040 KU-RO-RO₂ (CHIC #298.a).

#023. KN Ha (HMs 182 [SM I, P60]), Crescent, impressed (3.2 x 1.6 x 0.8 cm)
as on the crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions of the same sealface (CMS II 8.86 [#141])

b vacat vacat

g X ^* X 042-045-029

d *159bis

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.86 [#141])

b vacat vacat

g-d X X 042-045-029 *159bis

Comments
g-d: If all the signs are run together, there is an excellent Linear A parallel.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g-d X X 042-045-029-023 A-ZE-029-TU
a (#141) {quadruped} 063-031 {quadruped} 063-RE

b vacat vacat vacat

Compare
g-d: Linear A: JA-SU-MA-TU (SY Za 2.a)

#024. KN Ha (HMs 191 [SM I, P50]), Crescent, impressed (3.6 x 1.7 x 1.1 cm)
as on crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions of the same sealface (CMS II 8.75 [#142])

b vacat vacat

g X X 011-056

d *153

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.75 [#142])

b vacat vacat

g-d X X 011-056 *153

Comments
a. The signgroup can be read in six different ways, two of which (simple orthograde and simple retrograde readings) have the same Linear A parallel.
g: Notes to Signgroups XI, suggests, on the analogy of HT 30, that 011-056 is an abbreviation for <> 011 056<070>. The similiarity here with #015.g suggests that the impression in a1 may be similar to 049-070-070 RO₃-RO-RO #015.a1; cf. the impression here with the more conventional impressions on the similar crescents #015 and #026.
g-d: see #013; cf. 011-092 *153 (#026).

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g-d X 011-056 *153 011-KU GRA

a (#142) 018-039-005 >< RA₄-039-005

b vacat vacat vacat

g-d. or: X

GRA = 011 056<070>, 011 KU<-RO> GRA

#025. KN Ha (HMs 194 [SM I, P58.]), Crescent, impressed ([1.9] x 1.7 x 0.9 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (H) (CMS II 8.81 [#143])

b vacat vacat

g ]• >< ]•-038-011 ><

d ] >< ]038 ><

Comments
a: the seal impression may resemble that on #026 (#168: [ 042-070[), and, if so, may relate this document to Knossos Document Set 5.
b: CHIC: string mark.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g • >< •-038-011 >< •-JA-011 ><

d ] >< ]038 >< ]JA ><

a (#143) • >< 042-• >< A-• ><

b vacat vacat vacat

#026. KN Ha 207 (HMs [SM I, P65]), Crescent, impressed (3.7 x 1.9 x 1.3 cm)
as on crescent

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (CMS II 8.72 [#168] & CMS II 8.58)

b vacat vacat

g X X 011-092

d *153

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (one H) (CMS II 8.72 [#168]) & (one not H) (CMS II 8.58)

b vacat vacat

g-d 011-092 #153

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

g-d X X 011-092 *153 011-RU GRA

a1 (#168) [ 042-070[ A-RO[

a2 CMS II 8.58: circles in 4 panels = 100s ? 100s ?

b vacat vacat vacat

Compare
g: Linear A: SI-RU (HT 55a.2), SI-RU-TE (IO Za 2; IO Za 15; KO Za 1; SY Za 3; VRY Za 1), SA-RU (HT 86a.2, b.2; HT 94b.3; HT 95a.3, b.1; HT 123a.4-5; TL Za 1); cf. HT 90.2-3: SI-RU-MA-RI-TA2 GRA (HT 90.2-3). KI-RO ("owed"); cf. SI ... GRA ... KI-RO (HT 34)
a1, a2: Linear A: cf. A-RU-RA-[•] (HT 11a.1-2), RA2-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5)

#027. KN Ha (HMs 172 [SM I, P64]), Crescent, impressed ([5.3] x 2.5 x 2.1 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a 2 impressions (H) (CMS II 8.90 [#123]) & 2 impressions (not H)

b X X 042-041-011

g X X 092-067-032

d X [ X 057-025-034[

Comments
a1. for the signgroup, cf. ] [ ]070-058[ ]RO-PU[ >< (#055.b).
b: cf. >? 042-041-049 (#101.a), and Notes to Sign 041 which suggest that 041 is a medial logogram.
g: CHIC: 092 & 067 over an erasure. JGY: see Notes to Sign 067.

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b X X 042-011 *163 A-011 TELA

g X X 092-067-032 RU-067-032

d X [ X 057-025-034[ KI-TE-TA[

a1 (#123) 092-058 catface RU-PU MA

a2 (CMS II 8.37) ] ]018 ]RA₄

Compare
d: Linear A: -KI-TE-TE- (PK Za 11.a-b), A-KU-TU-*361[ (TY 3a.7), -KI-TA-A (TY Zb 4), -KI-TI-PA-KU (KN Zc 6),]RA-KI-TA-NA-SI[ (KH 60.1)
a1 (#123): Hiero: cf. ] [ ]070-058[ ]RO-PU[ >< (#055.b). Linear A: RU-PI[ (PE 2.2). MA as logogram on HT 110b.2+5, HT 146.3

#028. KN Ha (HMs 198 [SM I, P61]), Crescent, impressed ([2.4] x 1.4 x 0.7 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (H) (CMS II 8.77 [#144])

b X • [ X 072-•[

g ] ^* >< ] 062-019-061 ><

d X ^*• [ X 041-• [

Comments
b: probably 072-049: see Transaction Terms, App. XXI, which suggests that this signgroup means something like "actual amount paid" or "delivered."
g: CHIC: probably over an erasure; ]038-019-061 less probable. JGY: Compare X 019-061 catface, SA- MA (#196).

JGY normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b X ^*[ X 072-049[ Kv-RO₃[

g ] >< ]062-019-061 ]NA-SA-

d ^*• [ 041-• [ WA-• [

a (#144) ] ]044-005 ]KO-Rv

Compare
b: Linear A: "actual payment;" cf. KA-RU (HT 75.1; HT 97a.1)
g: Linear A: A*47-KU-NA VIN+SA & I-TI-NI-SA (both: ZA 15a.1, 3)
d: Linear A: e.g., WA-DU-NI-MI (HT 6b.1-2; HT 85b.4-5)
a (#144): Linear A: KI-RO ("owed")

#029. KN Ha (HMs 204), Crescent, impressed (2.4 x 1.4 x 1.4 cm)

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a impression (very eroded)

b ]^* >< ]042 ><

g X ^*^*• X 060-070-•

d ]^* >< ]019-055 ><

JGY Comments
a: no impression is even discernible.
b: the haft of the double ax is in the usual position for an initial: horizontal and at left.
g: compare 042-070-060-044 (#074.a) and ] •[ >< ]049-060-•[ (#099.a).
d: phonetically, the signs may be a Hieroglyphic variant on the common Linear A ending -Sv-Kv:

*333-DI-NA-SU-KA (HT Wc 3010)
*79-DI-SI-KA (IO Za 6)
A-DA-KI-SI-KA (KH 5.1-2)
TE-SU-DE-SE-KE-I (KN Zf 31)
][•]-TU-SE-SU-KI (HT Zb 158)

It is tempting to run faces b & d together and restore something like A-[DA-KI]-SA-KE.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration normalization

b *[ >< 042[ >< A[

d ]** >< ]019-055 >< ]SA-KE

g X **• X 060-070-• X KO₂-RO-•

b-d. or:

[

]

042[-064-057-]019-055, A-[DA-KI-]SA-KE

Compare
d: Linear A: KA-SA-RU (HT 10b.3), KO-SA-I-TI (HT 117a.7-8); KA-SA[ (KE 1). If KE-SA, cf. SI-KA (HT Wa 1014-1018); cf. the common ending -Sv-Kv
b-d: Linear A: A-DA-KI-SI-KA (KH 5.1-2)
g: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid")

#030. KN He (HM 1271 [SM I, P95]), medallion [-->] (2.9 x 3.2 x 1 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a ^*^*^* >? 068-046-019 >?

b vacat vacat

Comments
a: Notes to Sign 068 suggest that 068 is a terminal; the resulting signgroup, and even any combination of the three syllabograms (in twos or as a three-sign signgroup read in any order), is a hapax legomenon. For the general shape of these signs, however, cf. >< 068-077-015 (#079.a); might it be the same signgroup?

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a ^*^*^* 019-046-068 SA-A*301-Rv

b vacat vacat vacat

#031. KN He (HM 1273 [SM I, P96]), medallion [<--] (3.1 x 3.2 x 1.2 cm)
as on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a 034-049-056-052

b vacat vacat

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a 052-056-049-034

b vacat vacat

Comments
a: for the order of signs 049-034 or 034-049, see Notes to Signgroups III, and compare.

038-017-049-034 (#021.g)

042-034-049 (#062.a)

042 007-034-040 or 042 034-007-040 (#070)

038-034-066 (#204.a)

>< 027-034-070 (#073)

In Linear A the ending Kv-Nv is more common than Rv-Tv.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a 034-049 056-052 TA-RO KU-NE

Compare
a: Linear A: TA-RO₃ (HT 89.3), U-TA-RO (HT 116a.1), TE-RI (HT 91.5, Ph[?] 31b.3)

#032. KN He (AM 1938.853 [SM I, P94]), medallion [-->] (3.2 x 2.7 x 0.7 cm)
as on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X X X 056-047-031 X 050-016

b X X 057-047-061

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 X 056-047-031

a2 X X 050-016

b X X 057-047-

Comments
a2: compare X X 050-016 (#002.d) and < X <050-016-042 X (#003.d).
b: CHIC: the entire central zone is effaced. JGY: compare X 40 X 063-047-061-031 40 (#052.a2), and X X 057-047-061 (#032.b.a).
a1 & b: the two signgroups are similar; the appearance of 056 and 057 suggests they represent abbreviations for <> 056-<070> and <> 057-<092>. The signgroup in a1 recurs in an impression ( 056-047-031 [#166]), and in the following variants: 063-047-031 (#052.a2), and 047-070-031 (#058.b1), which also recurs undoubtedly in #020.d. In 063-047-031 (#052.a2), just cited, the occurrence of the terminal sign 061 before 031 suggests that the latter is the logogram *174. The signgroup in b recurs in #003.d, and there the order of the signgroups reverses that here in a2 & b.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a2 X X 050-016 TI-KI/QI

b X 057-047-061 KI-QE-

a1 X 056-047-031 KU-QE-RE

a1. or: X

X 056-047 *174, KU-QE RE

Compare
a2: Linear A: TE-KI (HT 13.3-4, HT 122a.3); cf. QA-TI-KI (KH 7b.3-4), A-I-TI-KI (HT 115b.4, possible)
b: Linear A: KA-QA (PK 1.1), QE-KA (HT 85b.2; HT 111a.2)
a1: Linear A: KE-KI-RU (HT 94b.2), KI-KI-RA-JA (HT 86b.1), QA-QA-RU (HT 93a.4-5); or (with *174 RE) KA-QA (PK 1.1), QE-KA (HT 85b.2; HT 111a.2); RE as logogram is common.

#033. KN He (HM 1283 [SM I, P88]), medallion [<--] ([2.0] x 2.9 x 0.7 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a ]^*• [ >< ]050-019-038-• [ ><

b ][ ]042[

Comments
a: for 050-019, compare >< 050-019 (#297.a); - -019-044-050-019-028-056 (#294.b); and for 019-038, compare X X 019-038-059 (#004.g).

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a ]^*•[ >< ]050-019-028-•[ >< ]TI-SA-JA-•[ ><

b ][ ]042[ ]A[

Compare
a. Linear A: < A-SE-TU-QIf (PH 2.1); cf. -WA-SA-TO- (KO(?) Zf 2)

#034. KN He (HM 1279 [SM I, P90]), medallion [<--] (2.7 x 3.0 x 0.7 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a X [ X 054-061-013[

b ] 10 ]072-049 10

Comments
JGY: a: Since 061 functions always as a terminal sign (see Notes to Sign 061), 013 should be the logogram *152 BOS. For the resulting X X 054-061, and the probability that this is an abbreviation for 042-054-061 A-DE; see Notes to Signgroups X.
JGY: b: for the signgroup as a transaction term (meaning "actual payment"), see Transaction Terms, App. XXI.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a-b X <> [ ] 10 X <042>-054-061 *152[ ]072-049 10 <A>-DE- BOS[ ]Kv-RO₃ 10

Compare
a-b: Linear A: A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (see Notes to Signgroups X). For Kv-RO₃,"actual payment," cf. KA-RU (HT 75.1; HT 97a.1).

#035. KN He (HM 1281[SM I, P84]), medallion [<--] ([2.1] x 2.2 x 0.7 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a ]• >< ]•-042-061 ><

b ][ ]^* >< 40 ]086[ ]042 >< 40

Comments
JGY: a: for the possibility that this signgroup is an abbreviation for 042-054-061 A-DE, see Notes to Signgroups X, and compare ] ]042-061 (#054.a).
JGY: b: since 042 is always an initial sign (see Notes to Sign 042), the signgroup should be read retrograde. Compare the Linear A tablet ARKH 5, whose heading is an elaboration of A-DU (A-DU-NI-TA-NA; -Nv-Tv is a common ending); in line 2 occurs A-DA-RO 40 -- these seem to parallel the statement here.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a ]• ]• 042-061 ]• A-

b < ^*[ ][ > 40 < 042-[ ]086[ > 40 < A-[ ] [ > 40

Compare
a: Linear A: A-DU-NI-TA-NA (ARKH 5.1)
b: Linear A: A-DA-RO GRA 40 (ARKH 5.2)

#036. KN He (HM 1275 [SM I, P97]), medallion [-->] (2.7 x 3.1 x 0.8 cm)
as on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X ^* X 023-061-019-057

b 100 100

Comments
a-b: sign 061 functions as a terminal (see Notes to Sign 061); thus, sign 023 should be the logogram *159bis OLIVA; the rest of the line could then be read retrograde < > X < 057-019-061 > X *159bis OLIVA (see Notes to Signgroups XIII). To JGY, however, this 061 looks small, more like random lines (between 019 and 057 is another stroke); if these are ignored, the resulting signgroup X X 023-019-057 has a good Linear A parallel.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a-b 100 023-019-057 100 TU-SA-KI 100
a-b: or: < ^* > X OLIVA 100
Compare
a-b: Linear A: [•]-TU-SE-SU-KI (HT Zb 158). If KI-SA OLIVA, cf.]KI-SA-NE (KH 6.2); KI-TA-I OLIV (HT 123a.1-2), PI-TA-KA-SE ... OLIV (HT 21)

#037. KN He (HM 1278 [SM I, P89]), medallion [<--] (2.7 x 2.4 x 0.5 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a X X 042-054-061

b X 100 X 017-039 100

Comments
a: CHIC: trace of an erasure to the right of 061? JGY: 061 functions as a terminal; for the signgroup, see Notes to Signgroups X.
b: CHIC: 1 less likely.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a X 042-054-061 A-DE-

b X 100 017-039 100 AU-PA₃ 100

Compare
a: Linear A: A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (see Notes to Signgroups X)
b: Linear A: ]A-PA₃-[ (PH 28a.1), A-PA-[ (ARKH 1a.5), ]A-PA[ (KNa.1 32), JA-PA (ZA 4a.2-3), A-PI (KN Za 16), A-WA-PI (KN Zf 31); cf. ]NA-A-PA₃ (KN Zb 20)

#038. KN He (HM 1276 [SM I, P93]), medallion
as on medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X X 019-077-029

b X X 110 X 057-013-049 X 057-069-070 110

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a X X 019-077-029

b1 X X 057-013-049

b2 X 110 X 057-069-070 110

Comments
a: compare >< 019-057-029 (#190), and Appendix XX.
b: CHIC: 11 less likely (cf. #039).
b1: the signgroup 057-013-049 occurs only here and on #054.a2; this position of 013 (as a medial syllabogram in three-sign signgroups) is common, however, on sealstones; see Notes to Sign 013 for the possibility 013 needs to be separated as the logogram #152 BOS. Thus, here, the signgroup should be rearranged: 057-049 *152 BOS; cf. X X 016-057-013-074-075 (#053.c2).
b2: compare 057-069 (#050.b1). However, since 057-070 occurs twice (042-057-070, #056.b; 057-070-061, #112.a2), it may be Hieroglyphic's exact transliteration of Linear A's KI-RO; it is possible, therefore, that the signgroup should be rearranged similarly to the signgroup on b1: 057-070 069.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a 019-077-029 SA-RU₂-MA

b1 057-049 *152 KI-RO₃ BOS

b2 110 057-070-069 110 KI-RO-RA₂ 110

b2: or: :

057-070 *069 110, KI-RO RA₂ 110

Compare
a: Linear A: -SA-RA-ME (as in the many occurrences of J/A-SA-SA-RA-MA), SI-RU-MA-RI-TA₂ (HT 90.2-3)
b1: Linear A: KI-RO ("owed"), cf. KI-RO ... BOS (HT 30 )
b2: Linear A: KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003), and KI-RO ("owed", common transaction term, with reduplicated final syllable); or, if KI-RO RA₂, then KI-RO ("owed", common transaction term); and cf. the common logogram RE (ARKH 4a.2; HT 27a.2, b.2, b.5, b.6; HT 41a.3)

#039. KN He (HM 1270 [SM I, P86]), medallion [-->] (4.1 x 4.0 x 1.3 cm)
as on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X ^* X X X 056-023 X 043-070 X 020-077

b X X ^* 120 X 042-017 X 057-023-051 120

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 X ^* X 056-023

a2 X X 043-070

a3 X X 020-077
b1 X X 042-017

b2 X ^* 120 057-023-051 120

Comments
a: CHIC: traces of an erasure?
a1, b2: JGY: See Notes to Signgroups XIII; these signgroups could be abbreviations for <> 056-<070> *159bis, and <> 057-092 *159bis; cf. 044-049 *159bis (#089.a).
a2: JGY: the signgroup recurs only on #042.a2, where it is also an unmodified second heading, perhaps a personal or place name.
b2: CHIC: 021 less likely (cf. #038). JGY: see Notes to Signgroups XIII, which suggests separating sign 051; it is probably a logogram (see Notes to Sign 051).

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a1 X <> ^* X 056-<070> *159bis KU-<RO> OLIV

a2 X X 043-070 SO-RO

a3 X X 020-077 X AI-RU₂

b1 X X 042-017 X A-AU

b2 X <> ^* 120 X 057-<029> *159bis *051 120 KI-<RU> OLIV *051 (double mina) 120

a1: or:X

X 056-023, X KU-TU

b2: or:X

^* 120, KI-TU 051 (double mina) 120

Compare
a1: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid"); or (if KU-TU): KU-TU-KO-RE (ZA 8.2), A-KU-TU-*361[ (TY 3a.7)
a2: Linear A: SA-RO-QE[ (HT 62.3); SA-RA₂ (see Notes to Signgroups II)
a3: Linear A: A-RU (HT 9a.5-6)
b1: Linear A: A-JA (SY Za 2d)
b2: Linear A: KI-RO ("owed"); or (if KI-TU): KI-TA-I 9 (HT 123a.1-2), JA-KU-TI E (double mina) 240 (KN 1a.1-2)

Parallel Document in Linear A
a1, b2: the signgroups 056-023 KU-TU and 120 057-023 *051 120, KI-TU 120 may be related to Linear A JA-KU-TI E 240 (KN 1a.1-2), to which compare A-KU-TU-*361[ (TY 3a.7).
The number 120 appears in Hieroglyphic only in this document, but it is recurrent (as a total) in Linear A:

4 contributions of 30 each (HT 146.2-4)

3 contributions of 30 each + 40 + 50 to total 180 (i.e., 120 plus 60; HT 11b.2-5); cf. MA 4a.1.

Compare this short list with the two longer lists on HT 9 (summarized below).

HT 9 (GORILA I: 18-19) CHIC #039

list 1

a.1: SA-*315 TE VINa

a2: SO-RO a2: SO-RO

a.2-3: *306-TU 10 a1: KU-TU

a.5-6: A-RU 4 E a3: AI-RU₂

list 2

b.2-3: A-SI or A-RU 3 a3. AI-RU₂

b.3: *306-TU 8 b1. KI-TU 120

#040. KN He (HM 1274 [SM I, P80]), medallion [-->] (3.6 x 3.2 x 0.7 cm)
as on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X X X 019-070-061 X 072-039

b X 2 X 4 X 044-049 2 X 068-031 4

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 X X 019-070-061

a2 X X 072-039

b1 X 2 X 044-049 2

b2 X 4 X 068-031 4

Comments
a: JGY: the tall 061 acts as a line to separate the two signgroups.
a2: JGY: for the signgroup, see Transaction Terms (end).
b: JGY: a straight line separates the two signgroups.
b2: CHIC: the disposition of the signs is explained by the presence of an imperfection in the lower part of the field. JGY: Notes to Sign 068 suggests that it is a terminal; the initial X actually lies between the two signs.

Transaction Document
#040 assumes the "Balance-Ledger" format (see "Transaction Documents"): we are missing the assessment (6). To balance the transaction term 044-049 ("contribution paid"), 068-031 should imply KI-RU "owed"; thus, 6 units were assessed, 2 were paid, and 4 were owed.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a2-1 X | X X 072-039 | X 019-070 X Kv-PA₃ | X SA-RO

b X 2 | X 4 X 044-049 2 | X 068-031 4 X KO-RO₃ 2 | X 068-RE 4

Compare
a2: Linear A: the heading KA-PA (HT 6a.1, HT 8b.4, HT 140.5); cf. KA-PA ... SA-RA₂ ... KU-RO ... KI-RO (HT 94a), KA-PA ... SA-RA₂ ... KU-RO (HT 105), KA-PA ... SA-RA₂ (HT 102)
a1: Linear A: SA-RA₂ (see Notes to Signgroups II)
b1: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total," "paid")
b2: Linear A: RE-RO (HT Wc 3012); cf. RA-RI-DE-ME-TE (HT 94b.5 restored)

Parallel Document in Linear A
Signgroup 072-039 Kv-PA₃ appears as a heading in four Linear A documents (HT 6a.1, HT 94a [summarized below], HT 102, and HT 105); in addition, KA-PA occurs with SA-RA₂ on HT 102, and with both SA-RA₂ and KU-RO on HT 105, and with all three (SA-RA₂, KU-RO, and KI-RO) on HT 94.
Linear A tablet HT 94 compiles several lists, headed by KA-PA, and including totals for VIR contributions, and for contributions of CYP & NI for/from SA-RA₂ (and apparently two other communities), then a list of contributions (of VIR?) owed from five communities (including SA-RA₂), and then a final listing of two names (places?) that owe contributions of *86, apparently a type of VIR (*86 plus TI+A seem to function similarly to VIR+*313b plus TA [a type of overseer, as in Linear B?]).

HT 94 (GORILA I: 150-153, summarized) CHIC #040

side: statement logogram number statement

a.1: KA-PA VIR 62 a2: Kv-PA₃

a.1: *86 20

a.2: TI+A 7

a.2: VIR+*313b 18

a.2: TA 4

a.3: KU-RO 110

a.3: SA-RA₂ CYP 5 a1: SA-RO

b.1: KI-RO

b.1: TU-MA 1

b.1: PA-TA-NE 1

b.2: DE-DI 1

b.2: KE-KI-RU 1

b.3: SA-RU 1

b.4: KU-RO 5 b1: KO-RO₃ 2

b.5: RA-RI-DE-ME-TE (restored) 1 b2: Rv-RE 4

#041. KN He (HM 1285 [SM I, P92]), medallion [--> ] (3.7 x [3.2] x 0.6 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a X -• 12 X 069-047-041-• 12

b X •- 32 X 085-011-•-001 32

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a X -• 12 X 069-047-041-• 12 X RA₂-QE-WA-• 12

b X -• 32 X 085-011-• 001 32 X WI-SI-• VIR 32

Compare
a: Linear A: RI-QE-TI- (PO Zg 1), RI-KA-TA (HT 146.4); cf. QE-RA₂-JA[ (HT 3.2), QE-RA₂-U (HT 1.1-2, HT 95a.4, b.4-5), QA-RA₂-WA (HT 86a.3)
b: Linear A: WI-SA-SA-NE (KH 5.2), SI-VIR (HT 72.1); cf. WI-TE-RO I-TI VIR 28 (HT 25b.2)

#042. KN He (HM AM/ 1910.208/<1284> [SM I, P83]), medallion [-- > _] (3.7 x 3.5 x 0.7 cm)
As on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X X 100 X 037-011-029 X 043-070 100

b X 634 | 243 X 044-049 634 | 243

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 X X 037-011-029

a2 X 100 X X 043-070 100

b1 X 634 X 044-049 634

b2 243 243

Comments
JGY: Knossos Document Set 4.
JGY: a.1: The signgroup recurs (in variation) on Knossos documents #057, #061, and on MA #072.a (see Notes to Signs 011 and 029).
JGY: a.2: The signgroup recurs only on #039.a2, where it is also an unmodified second heading, perhaps a personal or place name. CHIC: 100 is rather weakly incised but hardly accidental; JGY: since 037-011-029 (#042.a1) appears on #061.b1 followed by 1, perhaps this mark is also 1. There is no number following the only other appearance of this signgroup (#039.a2), suggesting perhaps that the unit is to be presumed.
JGY: b: a line separates 634 from 243.
JGY: b2. CHIC: traces resembling an erasure of 3, presumbably accidental.

Transaction Document

#042 follows the "Balance Ledger" format (see "Transaction Documents"), with all numbers adding up to a target number; restoring the "erased" 3, the numbers here (3, 634, 243) plus that on medallion #039 (120, part of the same set, Set 4) identify the target number as 1000. The meaning of the numbers is a little unclear, but 634 is certainly "paid", and 243 is probably owed.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 X X 037-011-029

a2 X 3 X 043-070 3

b X 634 | 243 X 044-049 634 | 243

Compare
a1: Linear A: RI-SU-MA-NU-WI (HT 115a.1-2, 6), ]RI-SU-MA (HT 81.2)
a2: Linear A: SA-RO-QE[ (HT 62.3); SA-RA₂ (see Notes to Signgroups II)
b1: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total")

#043. KN He HM 1269 [SM I, P85]), medallion [-->] (4.3 x 4.4 x 1.3 cm)
As on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

r1 >? 007-010-006-023 >?

r2 | 025-010 | 024-050

v1 070-047-047

v2 32 GRA 32

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1. >? 007-010-006-023 >?

a2. | 025-010 |

a3. 024-050

b1-2. 32 070-047-047 *153 32

a: all three signgroups are hapax legomena.
a3: this is the only occurrence of 024 as part of a signgroup.
b1: the signgroup is a hapax legomenon, but 047-070 occurs: 047-070-031 (#058.b1); 019-047-070-092- (#294.b); and >< 047-070 (#286). If read retrograde, 047-047-070, the signgroup might be a version of KU-RO.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1. >? 007-010-006-023 >?

a2-3. | 025-010 | 024-050

b1-2. 32 070-047-047 *153 GRA 32

Compare
a1. A-MA-RA-NE[ (SK Zb 1), TI-MA-RU-WI-TE (PYR 1.1-2); cf. MA-RU (HT 117a.3) and NA-TI (HT 97a.4); or < TA-NA-RA-TE (IO Za 2),TE-NU-RE[ (KH 6.1), WA-PI-TI-NA-RA2 (PH Zb 5)
a2. TE-RI (H 91.5, PH 31b.3)
a3. KA-NA-NI-TI (KH Wc 2005), NI-TI-NU (KN Zc 6)
b1-2. < KI-KI-RA-JA (HT 85b.1), QA-QA-RU (HT 93a.4-5; HT 111a.3?; HT 118.2-3; HT 122b.3-4), KU-RO ("balance," "total"); or: > RO-KE (HT 98a.4), A-RA-KO-KU (KO(?) Zf 2)

#044. KN He (HM 1282 [SM I, P82]), medallion [-->] (2.5 x 2.8 x 0.5 cm)
As on the medallion
side inscription transnumeration
a ] >< ]038-010-068 ><
b 200 •[ *153 GRA 200 •

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a-b1. ] >< 200 ]038-010-068 >< *153 200

b2. •[ •[

a: See Notes to Sign 068, App. XXIX. The signgroup 038-010-031 appears often on sealstones, as does its abbreviation 038-010, usually with the addition of some other sign; since the last sign 068, slightly resembles 031, it is possible that the signgroup here is a variation on the sealstone signgroup. For reading this signgroup retrograde, there is one possible parallel, * >< 068-010-011-020 (#272.g).
b: CHIC: fraction on the edge of the lacuna?

JGY normalizes

line inscription transnumeration normalization

a-b1. ] 200 ]038-010-068 *153 200 ]JA-010-068 *153 GRA 200

#045. KN He (HM 1280 [SM I, P91]), medallion [-->] (2.2 x 2.2 x 0.6 cm)
As on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a X X 011-077-034

b 1 *174 1

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a-b. X 1 X 011-077-034 *174 1

Knossos Document Set 3.
b: CHIC: syllabogram 031 is less likely: b. does not follow a. directly.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a-b. X 1 X 011-077-034 *174 1

Compare
a-b. Linear A:
RE, logogram (ARKH 4a.2; HT 27a.2, b.2, b.5, b.6; HT 41a.3)

#046. KN He (HM 1272 [SM I, P81]), medallion [-->] (3.5 x 3.6 x 1.1 cm)
As on the medallion

side inscription transnumeration

a ^* >< 049-019-023 ><

b 100 *166 100

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a-b. * >< 100 049-019-023 >< *166 100

Knossos Document Set 3.
a-b. this is the only occurrence of logogram #166.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a-b. * >< 100 049-019-023 *166 100 RO₃-SA-TU *166 100

#047. KN He (HM 1277 [SM I, P87]), medallion [-->] (2.9 x 3.0 x 0.8 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a X X 053-053-077

b X 441 X 089-044 *156 441

Knossos Document Set 3.
a & b. CHIC: engraved with the suspension hole at the bottom, except *156 441 which were engraved with the hole at the right.
a: the signgroup may be related to • • 025-025-•- • or * 025-025-070 (#294.g2 [see notes], and see Notes to Signgroups, App. IX).
b: sign 089 recurs only on #065.b4; CHIC identifies the sign as one of only two adjuncts, the other being the common 042, both modifying commodities in #065; on the present medallion 044 seems clearly drawn and may be the sign intended to be modified in #065 (see notes there). The signgroup 089-044 seems to function like a transaction term for, or modifier of, *156 VINUM 441, as if 044 were an abbreviation for 044-049.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a. X X 053-053-077 JA-JA-RU₂

b. X <> 441 X 089-044-<049> *156 VIN 441 X KO<-RO₃> VIN 441

Compare
a. Linear A: JA-JA-[ (PK Za 18)
b. KU-RO ("balance," "total"), KU-RO ... VINa 78 (ZA 15b.2); or, for just -KO VIN, compare Linear A I-KU-PI[ ]VINc (KH 18.2), VINa+KA (ZA 6b.2), *47-KU-NA ... VINa+SA (ZA 15a.1)

#048. KN Hg 01 (HM 1303 [SM I, P119]), 3-sided clay bar [-->] (2.5 x [4.5] x 2.1 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a 2 2 *164 2 *165 2

b 2[ *165 2[

c 2 •[ *164 2 •[

CHIC normalizes

side	inscription	transnumeration
a1.	2	*164 2
a2.	2[	*165 2[
b.	2[	*165 2[
c1.	2	*164 2
c2.	•[	•[

CHIC: Linear A ? (cf. Malia: MA 2 for the support [3-sided bar/prism], MA 4 for the logograms).
The logograms are hapax legomena here in Hieroglyphic: *164 adds a X at the base of the sign, *165 adds a V-shaped check-mark at the base. The two signs are probably related to Linear AB *180 . AB *180 appears on Linear A documents MA 4, MA 6, MA Wc 7, PH 10, PH 12, PH 13, PH 15 -- MA 4-7 all came from the Hieroglyphic Deposit there. Linear B *180 appears only on KN U 172 ("ke-ti-ro *180 1) from the Room of the Chariot Tablets.

Logograms *164 and *165 in the Linear A documents are accompanied by a range of numbers: in the 100s (MA 4 & MA 6), units or tens (MA Wc 7, PH 12), and fractions (PH 10 & PH 13).

#049. KN Hh (HM 1286 [SM I, P100]), bar with 4 faces [_; pierced from a -> c] (2.0 x 9.3 x 2.0 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a X ^* [ ] | X •^* 200[ ] | X 40 X 046-063 [ ] | X 028-•-049 200[ ] | X 044-049 40

b X 20 | X 300 | X • 550 X 057-023 20 | X 044-049 300 | X 027-• 550

c X 6400 | X 1300[ X 034-056 6400 | X 019-040-061 1300[

d X 550[ ] | X [ ] 160 X 028-040-004 550[ ] X 088-003 [ ] 160

CHIC normalizes

side inscription/seal impression transnumeration

a1 X ^* X 046-063

a2 X •^* 200[ | X 028-•-049 200[ |

a3 X 40 | X 044-049 40 |

b1 X 20 | X 057-023 20 |

b2 X 300 | X 044-049 300 |

b3 X • 550 X 027-• 550

c1 X 6400 | X 034-056 6400 |

c2 X 1300[ X 019-040-061 1300[

d1 X 550[ ] | X 028-040-004 550[ ] |

d2 X [ ] 160 X 088-003 [ ] 160

Comments

a: CHIC: signs 046 & 028 are over an erasure.
a2: cf. 028-049-049 (#059.aA1), and X 028-061-049-047 read in any direction (#186).
b: CHIC: sign 023 is over an erasure.
b1: see Notes to Signgroups XIII.
b2: this is the only appearance of a two-sign signgroup beginning with 027.
c1: signgroup 034-056 may be a transaction signgroup; see Notes to Signgroups XIV.
c2. of the number 1300, 200 seems to appear in an erasure.
d2. the number is oddly written as if 130 plus 30 in an erasure plus an additional 100; it could therefore be 130, 160, 230, or 260.

Transaction Document

Side c presents two large numbers, a "grand number" 6400, which seems unrelated to the rest of the document, and an assessment, probably 1100 (with 200 erased).

The rest of the bar presents two lists of assessments (each 550), with contributions or deficits and the balance,

KO-RO₃.

In the graphic summary below, a larger number is chosen for d2 (160 is written next to a break; it is a minimum number ) and a number is supplied for a1 to make the account balance. The summary also makes it clear that the bar was meant to be read in the following order: d (d1, d2), b (b1, b2, b3), a (a1, a2, a3), c (c1, c2).

Parallel with #056

#049 specifies a grand assessment of 6400 (4 x 1600, implied in #056), and a smaller amount 1100 (1300, of which 200 is erased) which is divided into two stated halves (550 550) and further subdivided into a larger and smaller number, both of which are specified.

Similarly, #056 implies a grand assessment of 1600, divided in two stated halves (800 800), each of which is further subdivided into a small number (roughly 10%, 85 83) and a large number (roughly 50%, 540 483), each of which in turn is subdivided into a small number (44 40).

Graphic summary of #049

	List 1	List 2	Targets
grand number			c1: 6400
target	d1: 550[	• 550	c2: 1100200
contributions/deficits	d2: + 230	a1: ^* [310]
deficits/contributions	b1: 20	a2: •^* 200
balance	b2: 300	a3: 40



	List 1	List 2	Targets
grand number			c1: 034-056 6400
target	d1: 028-040 004 550*[	027-• 550	c2: 019-040-061 1100200
contributions/deficits	d2: 088+003 230*	a1: 046-063 [310]
deficits/contributions	b1: 057-023 20	a2: 028-•-049 200
balance	b2: 044-049 300	a3: 044-049 40

From the summary, it should be apparent that List 1 concerns MUL and the subset VIR₃.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

d1 X 550 X 028-040 *004 550 KU₂-RO₂ MUL 550

d2 X + 230 X 088+003 [ ] 230 +VIR₃ 230

b1 X 20 X 057-023 20 KI-TU 20

b2 X 300 X 044-049 300 KO-RO₃ 300

b3 X • 550 X 027-• 550 RA₃-• 550

a1 X ^* [310] X 046-063 [310] A*301-PA [310]

a2 X • 200[ X 028-•-049 200[ KU₂-•-RO₃ 200[

a3 X 40 X 044-049 40 KO-RO₃ 40

c1 X 6400 X 034-056 6400 TA-KU 6400

c1 X 1100200 X 019-040-061 1100200 SA-RO₂- 1100200

Compare
d1: Linear A: KU-RO ("total")
d2: Linear A: VIR-I (HT 11a.4, HT 93a.5), VIR+KA (common), SI-VIR-[ (HT 72.1), VIR+*307 (KH 19.1), VIR+*313a/b/c (common), VIR+ZA (PE Zb.3)
b1: Linear A: KA-TI (HT 63.1), KU-TA[ (HT 115b.4), KI-TA-I (HT 123a.1-2)
b2: Linear A: KU-RO ("total")
a1: Linear A: JA-PA (ZA 4a.3-4), KA-PA (HT 6a.1; HT 9b.4; HT 94a.1; HT 102.1; HT 105.1; HT 104.5), KU-PA (HT 110a.2), TA-PA (HT 104.1)
a2: Linear A: KU-RO ("total")
c1: Linear A: SI-KA (HT Wa 1014-18, 1027a+g, 1028a+g)
c2: Linear A: SA-RA2 (see Notes to Signgroups II)

#050 + #051. -- these two bar halves probably go together.

#050. KN Hh (HM 1291 [SM I, P109]), bar with 4 faces [_; pierced from a -> c] (1.7 x [7.6] x 1.7 cm)
as on the bar

side	inscription	transnumeration
a	X 250[	X 042-054-061 250[
b	407 \| [	057-069 407 \| 092[
c	420[	044-049 420[
d	1240[	049-021-061 1240[

CHIC normalizes

side	inscription	transnumeration
a	X 250[	X 042-054-061 250[
b1	407 \|	057-069 407 \|
b2	[	092[
c	420[	044-049 420[
d	1240[	049-021-061 1240[

Comments
a: CHIC: a vertical separation line is effaced below the first 100. JGY: for the signgroup, see Notes to Signgroups X. Since a separation bar was originally written, the signgroup may be a header. The number could be higher than 250, either in tens or in units - this break is the only one that allows for more units.
c: the number is probably 420, but could be 430.
d: the signgroup may be a variant of 031-021-061 (#059, #149, #197; cf. #063 & #092). The number could be 1240 or 1250.

#051. KN Hh (HM 1298 [SM I, P106]), bar with 4 faces [-->] (1.8 x [2.5] x 1.8 cm)
as on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ]• 450 ]•-051 450

b ]• 20[ ]• 20[

c ]6 ]6

d vacat vacat

Comments
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily selected.
a: -• -•-051 is a hapax legemenon, perhaps part of something like 051-051-051-041 (#089); see Notes to Sign 051.
b: for • signs 002 or 022 are not impossible; the number could be as high as 40 or possibly 50.
c: the number could be any number of 100s plus units from 6 to possibly 12.

Comments to #050+#051
Knossos Set 7.
CHIC suggests putting #050 and #051 together (#050a [-->] #051b, b [-->] c, c [-->] d, d [-->] a). See Transaction Documents.
Since #050c finishes a statement ( 044-049 usually ends an accounting set), #051.d VACAT probably finishes the line, as CHIC suggests; the rest of the sides then align as below.

Transaction Document
#050 + #051 follows the "Balance-Ledger" format (see "Transaction Documents," section 2B): we are missing the assessment which should equal the total of all the numbers. The total of the extant numbers is 2793; the assessment was probably therefore 3000. The difference (207) can be restored in several ways - the numbers restored below (in scroll brackets, {257}, {206} are merely convenient.

JGY normalizes

#050	#051	#050	#051	normalization
a: X 250[	]• 20[ :b	a: X 042-054-061 250[	]• 20 :b	A-DE- 250{257}[ \| ]• 20[
d: 1240[	]• 450 :a	d: 049-021-061 1240[	]•051 450 :a	RO₃-PI- 1240[ \| ]• 450
b: 407 \| [	]6 :c	057-069 407 \| 092 [	]6 :c	KI-RA₂ 407 \| RU[ \| ]6{206}
c: 420[	vacat :d	c: 044-049 420	vacat :d	KO-RO₃ 420[ \| ] vacat

Compare
#050a+#051b: Linear A: A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (see Notes to Signgroups X)
#050d+#051a: Linear A: RU-PI[ (PE 2.2), A-RE-PI-RE-NA (ZA Zb 3.2)
#050b+#051c: Linear A: KI-KI-RA-JA (HT 86b.1), ]I-KI-RA (HT 25a.5)
#050c+#051d: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total")

#052. KN Hh (HM 1293 [SM I, P105]), bar with 4 faces (pierced end missing) (1.8 x [5.4] x 1.8 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ]^* 60 X 40 ]061 60 X 063-047-061-031 40

b ]X 290 ]X 057-092-061 290

c ]50 50 70 ]50 50 70

d ]^* 710 ]029-070 710

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 ]^* 60 ]061 60

a2 X 40 X 063-047-061-031 40

b ]X 290 ]X 057-092-061 290

c1 ]50 ]50

c2 50 50

c3 70 70

d ]^* 710 ]029-070 710

Comments
Knossos Document Set 1A.
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.
a2: sign 061 is a terminal, not a medial; its occurrence before 031 suggests that this last sign is the logogram *174. For the resulting signgroup, 063-047-061 *174, compare X X 057-047-061 (#032.b), and the following variations: 056-047-031 (#032.a1) which also appears in an impression ( 056-047-031 [#166]), and 047-070-031 (#058.b1), which also recurs undoubtedly as [ 047-[070-031 (#020.d).
d: as CHIC transcribes, ]^* ]029-070 functions like KU-RO ("total," "balance") and may instead be 028-070 KU₂-RO, a fairly common variation on 056-070 KU-RO (see #054.d, and compare 028-070 [#081.a], 028-049-041-003 [#053.aA], and Notes to Sign 028, and Transaction Terms).

Transaction Document.

#052 assumes a target number (in this case, 1000, the total of 290 and 710), and presents a simple list of payments made or owed and their subtotal (extant 270; ideal 290), and finally records the balance (710). The difference between the extant and ideal subtotals of the payments (20) can be restored in the lost beginning of face c.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a1 ]^* 60 ]061 60 ]^* 60

a2 X 40 X 063-047-061 *174 40 PA-QE- RE 40

c0 [20] [20] [20]

c1 ]50 ]50 ]50

c2 50 50 50

c3 70 70 70

b ]X 290 ]X 057-092-061 290 KI-RU- 290

d ]^* 710 ]028-070 710 ]KU₂-RO 710

d: or: ]

710, ]029-070 710

Graphic summary of #052

target amount individual payments owed subtotal balance

1000 a-c. 60, 40, 20, ]50, 50, 70 b. 290 ]^* 710

Compare
a2: Linear A: KA-PA-QE (HT 6a 4-5), cf. JA-PA-QA ("Libation Formula")
b: Linear A: KI-RO ("owed")
d: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total")

Parallel Document in Linear A
HT 88 (slightly abbreviated below) lists contributions of VIR, first apparently as expected numbers and then in a subordinate list of contributions of VIR not made, with a total. The similarly short list of six debits, a possibly similar placename, and the appearance of both transaction terms invite comparison with #052.

HT 88				CHIC #052
1. A-DU	VIR+KA		20
1-2. RE-ZA			6
2.	NI •
2. KI-KI-NA			7
4.		KI-RO •		b.		KI-RU-	290
4. KU-PA₃-PA₃			1	a1. ]^*			60
4. KA-JU			1	[c0.			20]
5. KU-PA₃-NU			1	c1.			60
5. PA-JA-RE			1	a2. PA-QE-	RE		40
5-6. SA-MA-RO			1	c2.			50
6. DA-TA-RE			1	c3.			70
6.		KU-RO	6	.d		]KU₂^-RO*	710

#053. KN Hh (HM 1296 [SM I, P101]), bar with 4 faces (pierced end missing) (1.9 x [4.6] x 1.9 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

aA ]X ]X 028-049-041-003

aB ]• ]•-058-031-056

b ]X 170 X 160 ]X *160 170 X *176 160

c ]• X ^* [ ]• X 016-057-013-074-075 [

d ] 110[ ] X 170[ ]*160 110[ ] X *176 170[

e X ^* 22 X 058-002 22

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

aA ]X ]X 028-049-041-003

aB ]• ]•-058-031-056

b1 ]X 170 ]X *160 170

b2 X 160 X *176 160

c1 ]• ]•

c2 X ^* [ X 016-057-013-074-075 [

d1 ] 110[ ] ]*160 110[ ]

d2 X 170[ X *176 170[

e X ^* 22 X 058-002 22

Comments
Knossos Document Set 1A?+1B+3.
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.
CHIC: since the document contains what look like logograms it should belong to the category Hh (08): its physical peculiarities, however, place it here.
aA: The complete signgroup recurs as X [ X 028-049-041-003[ (#060.a), and probably as ]X [ ]X 028-049[ (#012), 070-028-041 (#133), and [ 028-041[ (#102). The first two signs in the signgroup recur fairly frequently as a common variation on 056-070 KU-RO (see Notes to Sign 028, and Transaction Terms). Notes to Sign 028 suggest that the signgroup may actually consist of two signgroups: [ 028-049 041-003[.
aB: for ] •, see Inflection Sequence 2.
e: inscriptions on the end of the bar, face e, recur twice: #054e gives the only modified or named contribution towards an assessment, and #061e presents the total of the items listed. The inscription here (#053e) lists personnel VIR₂ among whom rations are to be distributed (or to which VIN is to be added) at a ratio of 1:30.

JGY normalizes
LIST 1

side inscription transnumeration normalization

aA ]X ]X 028-049 *163 *151 KU₂-RO₃ TELA VIR₃

aB ]• ]•-058-031-056 ]• PU-RE-KU

b1 ]X 170 ]X *160 170 VAS 170

b2 X 160 X *176 160 *176 160

LIST 2

c1-2 ]• X ^* + [ X 016-057 *152 074+075 = 50 [ KI-KI BOS 20+30 = 50

d1 ] 110[ ] ]*160 110[ ] VAS 110[

d2 X 170[ X *176 170[ *176 170[

e X ^* 22 X 058-002 22 PU-VIR₂ 22

Compare
aA: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total"); cf. VINa+WA (HT 27b.1, b.5)
aB: Linear A: PU2-RE-JA (PK Za 16, ZA Zb 34)
b1, d1: Linear A: VAS is a fairly common logogram; for the vase shape, cf. Linear B: a-pi-po-re-we
c1-2: Linear A: KI-KI-NA (HT 88.2), KI-KI-RA-JA (HT 85b.1)
e: Linear A: cf. PU-VINa (HT 14.1, HT 123a.3-4)

Graphic summary of #053

commodities total commodities personnel commodities per VIR₂

List 1: VAS 170 *176 160
List 2: BOS + (=50) VAS 110 *176 170
= 330 List 1
= 330 List 2
total: 660 22 660 commodities/22 people
= 30 commodities per person

#054. KN Hh (HM 1290 [SM I, P108]), bar with 4 faces (pierced end missing) (2.1 x [3.7] x 2.1 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ] [ ]110 X 170 ]042-061 [ ]110 X 057-013-049 170

b vacat vacat

c ]160 150 50 ] 160 150 50

d ]^* 450 ]029-049 450

e X 60 X 070-031-019 60

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 ] [ ] 110 ]042-061 [ ] 110

a2 X 170 X 057-013-049 170

b vacat vacat

c1 ]160 ]160

c2 150 150

c3 50 50
d ]^* 450 ]029-049 450

e X 60 X 070-031-019 60

Comments
Knossos Document Set 6.
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.
a1: for the possibility that this signgroup is an abbreviation for 042-054-061 A-DE, see Notes to Signgroups X, and compare ]• ]•-042-061 (#035.a).
a2: the signgroup 057-013-049 occurs only here and on #038.b1; this position for 013 (as a medial syllabogram in three-sign signgroups) is common, however, on sealstones; see Notes to Sign 013 for the possibility 013 needs to be separated as the logogram #152 BOS. Thus, here, the signgroup should be rearranged: 057-049 *152 BOS; cf. X ^* X 016-057-013-074-075 (#053.c2).
c1: the number could be 170.
d: as CHIC transcribes, ]^*]029-070 functions like KU-RO ("total," "balance") and may instead be 028-070 KU₂-RO, a fairly common variation on 056-070 KU-RO (see #052.d, and compare 028-070 [#081.a], 028-049-041-003 [#053.aA], and Notes to Sign 028, and Transaction Terms).
e: for 070-031-019 (#054), see #056, 070-031-034 (#001, #091.b), and 070-094-034 (#328); compare Linear A RU-SA (HT 96a.3) and Linear B RU-SI (KN AK 634L, X 8214B, and L 588.01); and see Inflection System 1. Inscriptions on the end of the bar, face e, recur twice: #053e lists personnel VIR₂ among whom rations are to be distributed (or to which VIN is to be added) at a ratio of 1:30, and #061e presents the total of the items listed. The inscription here (#054e) gives the only modified or named contribution towards an assessment.

Transaction Document
#054 presents two accounts. On faces c & d, unmodified contributions are listed towards a total (]^* ]028-049) of 450; the extant numbers total 360 and the missing 90 can be restored at the beginning of face c. Faces a & e list a total debit ( 057-049) of BOS 170, which is distributed in two amounts, 042 110 and 070-031-019 60.

Graphic summary of #054

account 2
contributions
total paid
c. 90], [160, 150, 50
d. ]^* 450
c. 90], [160, 150, 50
d. ]028-049 450

account 1
distributions

total owed
a1.] 110
e. 60
a2. 170
a1.]042-061 110
e. 070-031-019 60
a2. 057-049 *152 170

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

Account 1

a1 ] [ ] 110 ]042-061 [ ] 110 A- 110

a2 X 170 X 057-049 *152 170 X KI-RO₃ BOS 170

e X 60 X 070-031-019 60 X RO-RE-SA 60

Account 2

c1 [90 [90 [90

c1 ]160 ]160 ]160

c2 150 150 150

c3 50 50 50

d ]^* 450 ]028-049 450 ]KU₂-RO₃ 450

b vacat vacat

d: or:

]029-049, MA-RO₃

Compare
a2: Linear A: KI-RO BOS ("owed"); cf. HT 30
e: Linear A: A-RU-RA-SU/TA & RU-RA₂ (HT 11a.1-2 & b.1 respectively)
d: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total")

#055. KN Hh (HM1301 [SM I, P115]), bar with 4 faces (pierced end missing) ([1.8] x [2.1] x [1.8])

side inscription transnumeration

a ]^*[ >< ]033-018-070[ ><

b ]^*[ ] >< 10 ]070-058[ ] >< 10

c deest deest

d deest deest

Comments
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.
a: CHIC: ] ^*•[ ]033-018-070-•[ or ] ^* 10[ ]033-018-070 10[ ? Remains of a line division at left? JGY: for the signgroup, compare X X 057-023-070-018 (#324), and see Notes to Signgroups XIII and Transaction Terms, App. XXVIII, both of which suggest separating 018. This comparison between the signgroup here and that on #324 also make it likely that CHIC's ^* 033 here is actually 023; compare how 023 was written on #039.a, b and #046.a. If the two signgroups are basically identical, the switch in the last two signs may reflect differences between the two supports, their provenance, and their context dates.
b: CHIC: Trace above 070. JGY: for the signgroup, cf. the impression #123 on #027.a1, 092-058 RU-PU ><.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a ]^* [ 057-]033 018-070[ >< KI-]TU RA₄-RO[

b ]^*[ ] >< 10 ]070-058[ ] >< 10 ]RO-PU[ ] 10

c, d deest deest

Compare
a: Linear A: QE-TI-RA-DU (HT 58.1), or (if AB*47-RA₄-RO) KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003), RE-RO (HT Wc 3012b), RA2-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5)
b: Linear A: if RO-PU, A-RI-PA (PE 2.3), A-RE-PI-RE-NA (ZA Zb 3.2), RU-PI[]-*305-MI (PE 2.2); or, if PU-RO, PU-RA2 (HT 28b.3-4; HT 116a.2), ]PU2-RA2 (ZA 6a.6), ]PU2-RE-JA (ZA Zb 34)

#056. KN Hh (HM AM/ 1910.209 /<1305> [SM I, P116]), bar with 4 faces [pierced from a-> c {although it looks like c-> a in the photograph}] (1.6 x 5.9 x 1.6cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

aA X X 85 X 070-031-019 X 044-049 85

aB 800 540 44 800 540 044 44

b-e X 800 X 83 X 042-057-070 800 X 044-049 83

c X X 026-061

dA X 483 X 042-057-038 483

dB 46 044-049 46

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

c X X 026-061

dA-B X 483 46 X 042-057-038 483 044-049 46

aA-B X 800 X 85 X 070-031-019 800 X 044-049 85

aB-<A> <> 540 <> 44 <070-031-019> 540 044<-049> 44

b-e X 800 X 83 X 042-057-070 800 X 044-049 83

Comments
Knossos Set 7.
CHIC normalizes #056: c, dA-B, aA-B, aB, b-e; Brice (1991: 100) normalizes this as c, dA-B, b-e, aB , dA-B; the presentation here modifies Brice.
aB-: Brice assumes that 042-057-070 and 042-057-038 are inflected forms of the same word, and that therefore 042-057-038 had an omitted inflected form in aB, possibly 070-031-034, which appears on #091.b, a lame from Mallia Palace, and, retrograde, on Knossos #001.g. See Inflection Sequence 2a. For 034-031-019 (#054) see #056, 034-031-070 (#001), and 070-094-034 (#328); and compare Linear A RU-SA (HT 96a.3) and Linear B RU-SI (KN AK 634L, X 8214B, and L 588.01).

A-KI-RO and

A-KI-JA are inflected forms of the same word, then we might expect the change to reflect the change in the numbers (A-KI-RO 800, A-KI-JA 483), as if "contributions expected from A-KI" and "distributions to A-KI"; the balances would then reflect payments either made or owed. If so, we would therefore expect a similar change for the expected second occurrence of

070-031-019 RO-RE-SA in aB-. There are two candidates:

070-031-034 RO-RE-TA on #001.g and

070-031-056 RO-RE-KU on sealstone #307.c. RO-RE-SA also appears on #054.e.

Alternatively, there is some slight evidence for identifying a transaction term /Kv-JA/: cf.

028-038 *002 KU₂-JA VIR₂ (#058.d1),

047-053 QE-JA (#065a.2); and parallel alternative forms of KU-RO, using QE, as in

QE-RO₃ (#312.g) and

QE-RO-RE (#058b.1).

c: The text starts here, where the piercing also appears to have started. This is the only occurrence of, not only this signgroup

, but of sign

026, except where it appears as a ligature with

002 to form

003. Here X 026-061 is an apparent heading.

Transaction Document

The document presents two lists, each with a target number of 800 - the layout therefore looks similar to that in #049. Perhaps not coincidentally, the total of the two target numbers, 1600, is one-quarter the "grand number" 6400 in #049.

Each list consists of a primary large number, 800, and a balance,

044-049, and a secondary large number with its balance, implying for each an unstated set of payments made or owed. This format, two lists each with its own sublist, is unique, although it could be a version of the "Balance Ledger" format (see "Transaction Documents" and #042) or an elaboration of the format found on crescents (cf. #028).

Parallel with #049

#056 implies a grand assessment of 1600, divided in two stated halves (800 800), each of which is further subdivided into a small number (roughly 10%, 85 83) and a large number (roughly 50%, 540 483), each of which in turn is subdivided into a small number (44 40).

Graphic summary of #056 (with the target set in #049)

	List 1		List 2
target 1	aA-B. 800		b-e. 800		TOTAL: #049.c1: 1600
balance 1		85		83
target 2	aB-<A>. <-?> 540		dA-B. 483
balance 2		<> 44		46
		total: 129		total: 129



	List 1		List 2
target 1	aA-B. 070-031-019 RO-RE-SA 800		b-e. 042-057-070 A-KI-RO 800		TOTAL: #049.c1: 1600
balance 1		044-049 KO-RO₃ 85		044-049 KO-RO₃ 83
target 2	aB-<A>. <070-031-?> <RO-RE-?> 540		dA-B. 042-057-038 A-KI-JA 483
balance 2		044-<049> KO<-RO₃> 44		044-049 KO-RO₃ 46
		total: 129		total: 129

The graphic summary makes it clear that the two sets of balances total the same amoung, 129, but why that is so, and what their relation is to the secondary targets, is unclear.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

c X X 026-061 X
aA-B X 800 X 85 X 070-031-019 800 X 044-049 85 RO-RE-SA 800 KO-RO₃ 85

aB-<A> <> 540 <> 44 <070-031-019> 540 044<-049> 44 <RO-RE-SA> 540 KO-<RO₃> 44

b-e X 800 X 83 X 042-057-070 800 X 044-049 83 A-KI-RO 800 KO-RO₃ 83

dA-B X 483 46 X 042-057-038 483 044-049 46 A-KI-JA 480 KO-RO₃ 46

Compare
a: Linear A:
a: Linear A: A-RU-RA-SU (HT 11a.1), RA2-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5); KU-RO ("balance," "total")
b-e, d: Linear A: A-KI-RO (ARKH 4b.4); KU-RO ("balance," "total")

#057. KN Hh (HM 1288 [SM I, P107]), bar with 4 faces [pierced from a-> c] (Olivier, 1994/5: cut from one bar, of which CHIC #058 is the other part) (1.8 x 4.6 x 1.7 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a 10 042-029-032-011 10

b X 20 | vacat X 079-032-013 20 | vacat

c X ^* 20 | vacat X 038-054-034 20 | vacat

d X 50 | vacat X 011-029-037 50 | vacat

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a 10 042-029-032-011 10

b1 X 20 X 079-032-013 20 |

b2 vacat vacat

c1 X ^* 20 X 038-054-034 20 |

c2 vacat vacat

d1 X 50 X 011-029-037 50 |

d2 vacat vacat

Comments
Transaction Document: I, Simple Totals.
Knossos Document Set 1A.
The document could list 4 contributions totaling 100, or the first 3 contributions equaling the amount of the 4th. CHIC: cut at the end; cf. #058.
a: CHIC: 011 over an erasure?; JGY: Notes for Sign 011 suggests separating 042 and reading the rest of the signgroup retrograde.
b1: The signgroup contains the only occurrence of 079; it is possible that 013 is the logogram BOS *152.
c. for the possibility that this signgroup is a variation on A-DE, see Notes to Signgroups X.
d: CHIC: an erasure at the end, after the dividing line.
d1: The signgroup recurs (in variation) on Knossos documents #042 and #061, and on Malia #072.a (see Notes to Signs 011 and 029); cf. #148, two noduli also from Mallia Mu.

a: or:

<--

, *175 <-- 011-032-029

b: or:

079-032 *152 BOS

Compare
a: Linear A: A-MA-RA-NE[ (SK Zb 1); cf. modern "Amari", "Amarousi", "Amarynthos"; or, if A SI-RE-MA, cf. SI-RU-MA-RI-TA2 (HT 90.2-3), A-SA-SA-RA-ME (common)
b: Linear A: -TE-RI-MU- (KN Zf 13), KU-RA-MU (HT 117a.2-3), JA-RE-MI (HT 87.3), RI-RU-MA (HT 118.5); or, if -RE BOS, cf. SA-RA2 ... BOS (HT 121.2, 4), KI-RO ... BOSm (HT 30.4-5)
c: Linear A: JA-DA-SU[ (KH 74.1); A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (HT 85a.1), JA-DI (PH Wc 39); see Notes to Signgroups X.
d: Linear A: SA-MA-RO (HT 88.5-6)

#058. KN Hh (HM 1287 [SM I, P103]), bar with 4 faces [pierced from either a or c to the other side] (Olivier, 1994/5: cut from one bar, of which CHIC 57 is the other part) (1.8 x 6.8 x 1.7 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a X 1640 X 042-054-061 1640

b 80 50 047-070-031 80 078-032-034 50

c ^* 60 X ^* 20 010-070-005 60 X 034-002 20

d 90 ^*^* 30 028-038-002 90 078-032-070-023-045 30

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a X 1640 X 042-054-061 1640

b1 80 047-070-031 80

b2 50 078-032-034 50

c1 ^* 60 010-070-005 60

c2 X ^* 20 X 034-002 20

d1 90 028-038-002 90

d2 ^*^* 30 078-032-070-023-045 30

Comments
Knossos Document Set 1A+3?.
CHIC: cut at the end; cf. #057.
b: CHIC: traces of an erasure at the bottom.
b1: The signgroup 047-070-031 (#058.b1) is probably the same as that partially preserved as [ 047-070-031 (#020.d); it has a few variations: 056-047-031 (#032.a1) which also appears in an impression (056-047-031 [#166]), and 063-047-031 (#052.a2). The occurrence of 061 before 031 suggests that this last sign is the logogram *174. See Inflection Sequence 2a.
b2 & d2: the combination 078-032 is unique to this inscription and appears twice, perhaps belonging to a single inflection system (see Inflection Sequence 2).
c1: see Notes to Sign 013, suggesting that 005 be separated: perhaps that is what the initial X that begins the next signgroup, the only initial X on the bar, implies.
c2: the signgroup recurs only in -^*- -062-034-002-056-070- (#328).
d1: cf. X X 028-038-032[ (#008.g, a crescent). The two signgroups are probably variations on a single radical - 028-038- ; see Inflection Sequence 4a.
d2: after 078-032 (see above), the rest of the signgroup is hapax legomenon here. The Linear A parallels suggest separating it into two signgroups here; or perhaps TU-ZE is an ending or enclitic (see Notes to Signgroups XIX).

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a X 1640 X 042-054-061 1640 A-DE 1640

b1 80 047-070-031 80 QE-RO-RE 80

b2 50 078-032-034 50 DO-RE-TA 50

c1 ^* 60 010-070-005 60 RI-RO-Rv 60

c2 X ^* 20 X 034-002 20 TA-VIR₂ 20

d1 90 028-038-002 90 KU₂-JA-VIR₂ 90

d2 ^*^* 30 078-032-070 023-045 30 DO-RE-RO TU-ZE 30

Compare
a: Linear A: A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (see Notes to Signgroups X)
b1: Linear A: KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003)
b2: Linear A: DU-RE-ZA-SE, ]-DU-RI-TE (HT 4.2), JA-DU-RA-TI (KN 1b.1-2)
c1: Linear A: RA₂-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5)
c2: Linear A: SI+VIR[ (HT 72.1); Linear B: TA (supervisor)
d1: Hieroglyphic: KU₂-JA-RE[ (#008); Linear A: KO-JA (HT 119.2), KA-JU (HT 88.4)
d2: Linear A: DU-RA-RE (KN Zc 7), DU-RE-ZA-SE, ]-DU-RI-TE (HT 4.2), JA-DU-RA-TI (KN 1b.1-2), DU-*314-RE (KO ZA 1b-c); TU-SU (PK 3.6-7); cf. RA-NA-TU-SU (PK 3.6) & TU-SU-PU₂ (HT 49a.7)

Transaction Document

The bar gives the total assessment for Knossos Document Set 1A, and lists contributions totaling 330 (almost 20% [328]) of the assessment); this amount is then summarized and reallocated on bar #053.

If KU₂-JA VIR₂ (#058.d1) is related to KU₂-JA-RE[ (#008.g), and if KU₂-JA-RE[ is related to Linear A ]-*306-TI-KA-A-RE[ (HT 4.1), then it may not be coincidental that that tablet (HT 4) also lists ]-DU-RI-TE (HT 4.2), which may be related here to DO-RE-TA (#058.b1)

Parallel Documents in Linear A

Two Haghia Triada A-DU documents (here abbreviated) present lists that contain some words, which find parallels in #058:

HT 85			HT 88			CHIC #058
a.1	A-DU *638 VIR		.1	A-DU VIR+KA	20	a	A-DE	1640
						b1	QE-RO-RO	80
a.2	DA-RI-DA	12	.1-2	RE-ZA-NI	6	b2	DO-RE-SI	50
a.2	DA-RI-DA	12	.2	KI-KI-NA	7
a.3	U-*325-ZA	6	.3	vacat		c1	RI-RO-Rv	60
a.3-4	DA-SI-*118	24	.4	KI-RO		c2	TA-VIR₂	20
			.r	KU-PA₃-PA₃	1
HT 85			.4	KA-JU	1	d1	KU₂-JA VIR₂	90
a.4	KU-*79-NI	5	.5	KU-PA₃-NU	1
			.5	PA-JA-RE	1
a.5	TE-KE	3	.5-6	SA-MA-RO	1
a.5	DA-RE	4	.6	DA-TA-RE	1	d2	DO-RE-RO TU-ZE	30
a.6	KU-RO[	]66	.6	KU-RO	6

#059. KN Hh (HM AM/ 1910.210/<1304> [SM I, P104]), bar with 4 faces [�; pierced from a -> c] (2.2 x [5.6] x 2.2 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

aA X X 40[ X 028-049-049 X 044-005 40[

aB X X 400[ X 038-071-066-070 X 400[

bA X ^* X X ^*•[ X 060-013 X 028-029-002 X 013-•[

bB ]130 vestigia [ ]130 vestigia [

cA ]2300[ ]300[ ]2300[ ]300[

cB ] X [ ]031-021-061 X 044-049[

dA 11 X 6 X [ ]vvvvv 072-049 11 X 044-049 6 X 092-036[ ]ΞΞΞΞΞ[

dB X ^*[ ] 11 [ X 028-049-007-042[ ]056-070-061 11 [

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

aA1 X X 028-049-049

aA2 X 40[ X 044-005 40[

aB1 X X 038-071-066-070

aB2 X 400[ X 400[

bA1 X ^* X 060-013

bA2 X X 028-029-002

bA3 X ^*•[ X 013-•[

bB1 ]130 ]130

bB2 vestigia [ vestigia [

cA1 ]2300[ ]2300[

cA2 ]300[ ]300[

cB1 ] ]031-021-061

cB2 X [ X 044-049[

dA1 11 072-049 11

dA2 X 6 X 044-049 6

dA3 X [ X 092-036[

dA4 ]vvvvv[ ]ΞΞΞΞΞ[

db1 X ^*[ X 028-049-007-042[

db2 ] 11 [ ]056-070-061 11 [

Comments
Knossos Document Set 3 & 7.
The following 3 signgroups, intact or in part, are hapax legomena here: aB1, 038-071-066-070; bA1, ^* 060-013 (but see note on bA1, below); and bA2, 028-029-002.
aA: CHIC: trace after 40[, perhaps X[.
aA1: see Notes to Sign 028, and Inflection Sequence 5b1.
aB: sign 066 may function as a divider. It is meant to occur on two sealstones, but on one (X ^* X 038-034-066 [#204.a]) it may be decorative (cf. CMS V no. 488), and on the other ( >< 042-066-016-062 >< [#305.a]), it serves to isolate sign 042, as it seems to do in its only other appearance on a clay document, 042-066-077-042 (#065.a). Here, sign 066 accompanies sign 071, which recurs only on #065, where it clearly separates 072-049 from 071-050-005-063 (probably recurring on #066.a). I am not sure of the function here of two such apparent separators.
bA: signgroup X ^* 060-013 appears in retrograde on #115.b; the order here is probably the correct one; both occurrences of 013 are probably as the logogram *152 BOS.
cB1: the signgroup ] ]031-021-061 (#059.cB1) recurs on two seal impressions, both from Mallia Mu: #149 and #197; cf. 049-021-061 (#050.d)
cB2: CHIC: trace after 044-049[.
dA: CHIC: the sixth unit is odd (but there are two small marks).
dA4: the 5 marks ]vvvvv[, which CHIC transcribes as ]Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ[ are unique here. If they are tallies, they might represent the number 5; thus, 6 plus 5 total the .
dA3: for the signgroup, see Notes to Signgroups II: [; if read retrograde, then SA₂-RU[ might be the common toponymn in Linear A, probably near or at Mallia.
dB: CHIC: room for one sign in the lacuna (where there is a large mark at the bottom), trace not incompatible with 022 (cf. 022-056-070-061 on #071), but no room for a separation space or for the initial X.
dB: see Notes to Sign 042, which argue for dividing this long sequence of signs into:

a) either

[ ]

028-049-007 042[ ] 056-070-061. Of the possible disyllabic signgroups beginning

- 042-, the most common is

042-038, but at present it occurs only on sealstones; see Notes to Sign 042. The obliquely oriented slight traces in the lacuna are not unlike

017.

b) or, more likely,

[ ]

028-049-007 042 [ ]056-070-061. The transaction term

056-070 usually stands alone, but 2 three-sign signgroups ending in

056-070 do occur:

008-056-070 A₃-KU-RO (#132); and -

- - 002-056-070- VIR₂-KU-RO (#328)

dB3: on the comparisons above, it may be possible to restore either of the three parallel signgroups; the signgroups repeats the total 11 given in dA1; Transaction Terms, "total".

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

aA X X 40[ X 028-049-049 X 044-005 40[ KU₂-RO₃-RO₃ KO-Rv 40[

aB X X <> 400[ X 038-071-066-070 X <044-005> X 400[ JA--RO <KO-Rv> 400[

aB-bA X ^* X 060 *152 KO BOS

bA-B X X ^* •[ ]130 X 028-029 002 *152 •[ 130 KU₂MA VIR₂ BOS •[ 130

bB-cA vestigia [ ]2300[ vestigia [ ]2300[ vestigia [ ]2300[

cA ]300[ ]300[ ]300[

cB ] X [ 10] ]031-021-061 X 044-049[ 10] ]RE-PI- KO-RO₃[ 10]

dA1 11 072-049 11 KA-RO₃ 11

dA2 X 6 X 044-049 6 KO-RO₃ 6

dA3 X [ ]vvvvv[ X 092-036[ ]ΞΞΞΞΞ[ RU-SA₂[ = 5

db X ^* [ ] 11 X 028-049-007 *175[ ]056-070-061 11 [ KU₂-RO₃-MI A ]KU-RO- 11

Compare
aA: Hieroglyphic: KU-RO-RO (#061e), KU-RO-RO₂ (#298.a)
aB: Linear A: cf. JA+RU (HT 6a.3)
bA-B: Linear A: KO-MU (ZA Zb 34); cf. KA-PA VIR (HT 94a.1, HT 105.1-2), KU-PA-RI VIR (PE 1.1-2), KA-RU VIR+KA (HT 97a.1), VIR+KA (common), E-KA VIR (PE 1.3-4)
cB: Linear A: A-RE-PI-RE-NA (ZA Zb 3.2), and RU-PI[]-*305-MI (PE 2.2) & A-RI-PA (PE 2.3)
dA3: Linear A: SA-RA2 (see Notes to Signgroups II)
dB: Linear A: KU-RA-MU (HT 117a.2-3), KU-RU-MA (HT 115b.3). For A as logogram: HT 37.5; HT Wa 1147; HT Wa 1148; HT Wa 1149; KH 11.2; KH Wc 2122

Transaction Document, II: Payments Made & Payments Due

The document is in two parts: the first part (faces a-c) quotes an assessment of ]2300[ and gives two amounts, 440 and 430 and their difference [10]; the second part (face d) seems to be confronted with an actual balance of 11, which it then recounts as a set of 6 plus 5 tallied items, which it then totals again as 11.

Four transactions terms (see Transaction Terms) appear on this bar: aA2,

044-005 KO-Rv, akin to KI-RO ("owed"); cB2 & dA2,

[ 044-049[ KO-RO3[, "balance" or "total"; dA1,

072-049, KA-RO₃ "actual payment;" and dB2, ]

]056-070-061 ]KU-RO-

, "total".

Against an assessment of ]2300<[, a contribution of 440 (

40 400 "total owed") was expected, of which 430 (130 300) seems actually to have been made, leaving a balance (cB2.

) of [10].

Starting with cB1, a problem seems to be set out, for 11 is recorded as actually paid (

), further subdivided in another balance (dA2.

) of 6 and 5 tick-marks or tallies, as if commodities are actually be counted by the scribe - the actual amount on hand (

) is then recorded again, 11.

This "problem" is made more interesting by possible connections to Mallia:

1) a fragmentary lame #108 from the Hieroglyphic deposit in Mallia Palace also presents 6 and the unique appearance of sign

*169 followed by 5
2) the 10 that is queried also appears on MA #112c.2-3 where it is introduced by logogram

*170, which may be similar to

074-075 discussed at #053.c2: a circle enscribing a collected number (in other words, a group number).

Is it possible, then, that the three documents Knossos #059.d and Mallia #108 and #112 concern the same transaction, but from two viewpoints, that of the contributor (Mallia, sending out 10) and that of the receiver (Knossos, receiving 11)? This suggestion receives some support from the two signgroups recorded in the "problem" (points 3 & 4).

3) cB1. ]

]031-021-061, the heading to the problem, appears on sealstones from Mallia Mu, and may be related to Linear A words found only on documents at Petras and Zakros; the signgroup, then, may related to Mallia and/or areas to the east.
4) dA3. <-

[ 092-036[, the signgroup that accompanies the tallied commodities is one that seems to relate to the Mallia area; see Notes to Signgroups II.

Graphic summary of #059

target	payment made/due	payment due/made	balance surplus/due	the "problem"
2300	total: 440	total: 430	cB: [10	dA: 11	actual receipt?
	aA: 40	bA-B: ]130		6	balance present?
	aB: < > 400[	cA: ]300[		]vvvvv[ = 5	tallied amounts?
				] 11	total

#060. KN Hh (HM 1295 [SM I, P102]), bar with 4 faces [pierced from a -> c] (1.6 x [4.2] x 1.6 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a X [ X 028-049-041-003[

b vacat vacat

c X ^*• [ X 009-054-061-•[

d vacat vacat

Comments
Knossos Document Set 1A?+3?.
a: The complete signgroup recurs as X X 028-049-041-003 (#053.aA), and probably as ]X [ ]X 028-049[ (#012), 070-028-041 (#133), and 028-041[ (#102). The first two signs in the signgroup recur fairly frequently as a common variation on 056-070 KU-RO (see Notes to Sign 028, and Transaction Terms). Notes to Sign 028 suggest that the signgroup may actually consist of two signgroups: [ 028-049 041-003[.
c: CHIC: 009 over an erasure.
c: Signgroup ^* 009-054-061 is probably a variation on 042-054-061 A-DE (see Notes to Signgroups X), since 009 is a spelling variant for 042; see Notes to Signs 018 and 012, App. XII. Sign 061 spans the entire height of the row and thus to end the signgroup. Again, then, there are two signgroups here: ^* •[ 009-054-061 •[; document #053 gives aA: [ 028-049 041-003[ and then aB: ]• ]•-058-031-056, perhaps also the second signgroup here.

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

c X ^* • [ X 009-054-061 •[ A-DE- •[

a X [ X 028-049 *041/*163 *151[ KU₂-RO₃ TELA VIR₃

b, d vacant vacant vacant

Compare
c: Linear A: A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (see Notes to Signgroups X)
q: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total"); cf. VINa+WA (HT 27b.1, b.5)

#061. KN Hh (HM 1297 [SM I, P110]), bar with 4 faces (pierced end missing) (1.8 x [3.5] x 1.8 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ] 1 | 1 ]023-032 1 | 042-056-031 1

b ]• 1 | X 1 ]•-034-056 1 | X 037-011-029 1

c ]• [ ] | ^* 1 ]• [ ] | 070-019-009 1

d ]^* 1 | 1 ]092-049 1 | 034-056 019-049 1

e 12 056-070-070 12

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 ] 1 | ]023-032 1 |

a2 1 042-056-031 1

b1 ]• 1 | ]•-034-056 1 |

b2 X 1 X 037-011-029 1

c1 ]• [ ] | ]• [ ] |
c2 ^* 1 ]• [ ] | 070-019-009 1

d1 ]^* 1 | ]092-049 1 |

d2 1 034-056 019-049 1

e 12 056-070-070 12

Comments
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily selected.
Transaction Documents, I: Simple Totals.
Of the 7 preserved signgroups here, 3 are hapax legomena: a1, ] ]023-032; a2, 042-056-031 (but see below); and d1, ] ^* ]092-049.
The other 4 signgroups have parallels, and probably represent common words (places or persons, or classes of persons) in the Knossos archive.

b1: for ]•

]•-034-056, see Notes to Signgroups XVIII, suggesting the following restoration:

092-057 034-056, RU-KI TA-KU or

057-034-056, KI-TA-KU, which appears only on seals. Notes to Signgroups XIV, suggests that TA-KU may be a transaction term (and in d2).

b2: the signgroup recurs (in variation) on Knossos documents #042, #057, and on MA #072.a (see Notes to Sign 029); cf. #148, two noduli also from Mallia Mu.

d2: for

034-056-019-049, see Notes to Signgroups XVIII, suggesting two signgroups:

034-056 019-049 TA-KU SA-RO₂; for SA-RO₂, see Notes to Signgroups II, probably a toponymn, probably near or at Mallia.

a2: for the signgroup

042-056-031, compare

042-056-035 (#119.l.i), and see Inflection Sequence 6. Alternatively, the signgroup could be a metathesis for

042-031-056; compare ]•

]�-058-031-056 (#053.aB) and

070-031-056 (#307.c, authenticity doubted).
c2. for the signgroup

^* 070-019-009, compare

042-019-070-009 (#222), which, since 042 and 009 are both initials, should be read

042-019 009-070; and compare X

042-019-031 (#301.d),

>< 042-070-038 (#163), and

[ >< 042-070[ (#168). Also see Notes to Signgroups II, which, along with the fact that 009 is an initial, suggests that the signgroup here is to be read retrograde:

009-019-070.
d. CHICH: Trace in the break.
e: inscriptions on the end of the bar, face e, recur twice: #053e lists personnel VIR₂ among whom rations are to be distributed (or to which VIN is to be added) at a ratio of 1:30, and #054e gives the only modified or named contribution towards an assessment. The inscription here (#061e) presents the total of the items listed. For the signgroup

056-070-070, compare

049-070-070 (#167) on a sealstone impressing #013; and see Transaction Terms.

Simple List

It is tempting to restore this bar according to the apparent total at the end, listing twelve items, probably personnel from places or persons. The extant bar itself would then preserve two-thirds of the items and itself would be about half-preserved (restored L. ca. 6 cm). Also assuming that most of the signgroups in the missing sections would be trisyllabic, we may restore it as follows.

JGY normalizes

a0. [••• 1 a1. •] 1 a2. 1

b0. [••• 1 b1. -]^* 1 b2. X 1

c0. [••• 1 c1. ••]• 1 c2. ^* 1

d0. [••• 1 d1.•]^* 1 d2. 1

e. 12

a0. [••• 1 a1. •]023-032 1 a2. 042-056-031- 1

b0. [••• 1 b1. 092-]057 034-056 1 b2. X 037-011-029 1

c0. [••• 1 c1. ••]• 1 c2. 009-019-070 1

d0. [••• 1 d1.•]092-049 1 d2. 034-056 019-049 1

e. 056-070-070 12

a0. [••• 1 a1. ]TU-RE 1 a2. A-KU-RE 1

b0. [••• 1 b1. RU-]KI TA-KU 1 b2. Rv-SI-MA 1

c0. [••• 1 c1. ••]• 1 c2. A₂-SA-RO 1

d0. [••• 1 d1. ]RU-RO₃ 1 d2. TA-KU SA-RO₃ 1

e. KU-RO-RO 12

Compare
a1: Linear A: A-TU-RI-SI-TI (Kn Zb 5), TU-RU-SA (KO Za 1b-c), ]SI-TU-RA₂/RI-RE
a2: Linear A: A-KA-RA/U (PE Zb 3; HT 2.1; HT 86a.1), A-KI-RO (ARKH 4b.4)
b1: Linear A: A-DA-KI-SI-KA (KH 5.1-2), JA-KI-SI-KI-NU (ARKH Zf 9)
b2: Linear A: RI-SU-MA-NU-WI (HT 115a.1-2, 6), ]RI-SU-MA (HT 81.2)
c2: Linear A: A-SA-RA₂ (HT 89.1), RO+SE (HT 93a.1), RO-SI-RA (ZA 9.3-4)
d1: Linear A: DU-RA-RE/DU-*314-RE (KN Zc 7; KO Za 1b-c), KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003), MI-RU-TA-RA-RE (HT 117a.4-5), QA-*118-RA-RE (HT 96b.1-2), RE-RO (HT Wc 3012b), RU-RA₂ (HT 11b.1), RA₂-RO-RE (ZA 10b.5), SA-RA-RA (HT 30.3), ]MA+RU-RE (KH 43.1)
d2: Linear A: SI-KA (HT Wa 1014-18, 1027a+g, 1028a+g); SA-RA2 (see Notes to Signgroups II)
e: Hieroglyphic: KU-RO-RO₂ (#298.a), & KU₂-RO₃-RO₃ (CHIC #011.g; #059.aA1); Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total")

#062. KN Hh (HM 1289 [SM I, P118]), bar with 4 faces [-->] (pierced end missing) (3.2 x [6.3] x 3.4 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ]^* X ]054-061 X 042-034-049

bA ]140 ]140

bB ]• ]•-054-061

cA ]30 ]30
cB ]^* ]042-054-061

dA ]540 ]540

dB ]^* ]042-054-061

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 ]^* ]054-061

a2 X X 042-034-049

bA ]140 ]140

bB ]• ]•-054-061

cA ]30 ]30

cB ]^* ]042-054-061

dA ]540 ]540

dB ]^* ]042-054-061

Comments
Knossos Document Set 1A.
CHIC rejects Bennett's idea (1958: 37-38) that #062 & #063 belonged together.
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.
a: CHIC: half of the face to the right is over an erasure.
a1, bB, cB, dB: See Notes to Signgroups X.
a2: see Notes to Signgroups III.C. See ^* 042-034-007-040 (#070) from Mallia.
bB: CHIC: ] 042-054-061 not impossible.
cB: CHIC: mark before 042.
dA: CHIC: ]541 if the mark at lower left is not the mark of a string.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a1 ]^* ]054-061 A-]DE

a2 X X 042-034-049 X A-TA-RO₃

bB+A ]^* ]140 ]042-054-061 ]140 ]A-DE ]140

cB+A ]^* ]30 ]042-054-061 ]30 ]A-DE ]30

dB+A ]^* ]540 ]042-054-061 ]540 ]A-DE ]540

Compare
a1, bB+A, cB+A, dB+A: Linear A: A-DE (ZA 10b.4), A-DU (see Notes to Signgroups X)
a2: Linear A: A-TA-RE (ZA 8.1), A-TI-RU (ZA 4a.3); U-TA-RO (HT 116a.1)

#063. KN Hh (HM 1302 [SM I, P117]), bar with 4 faces [-->] (pierced end missing) (3.5 x [5.1] x (1.9) cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a1 ] >< | 105[ ]006-057-092 | 105[

a2 ] 3 | [ ]041-006 3 | 044-049[

b1 ]^* >< 20 [ ] | [ ] >< 20[ ]057-053 >< 20[ ] | [ ]049-061 >< 20[

b2 deest deest

c deest deest

d1 deest deest

d2 ][ >< ]053-006[ ><

CHIC normalizes

a1 ] | ]006-057-092

105[ | 105[ |

a2 ] 3 | ]041-006 3 |
[ 044-049[
b1 ]^* >< 20 [ ] | ]057-053 >< 20 [ ] |

[ ] >< 20[ [ ]049-061 >< 20[
b2, c, d1 desunt desunt

d2 ][ >< ]053-006[ ><

Comments
CHIC rejects Bennett's idea (1958: 37-38) that #062 & #063 belonged together.
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.
a1, b1: CHIC: serious problems in the reading.
a1: CHIC: mark before ]006-057-092; 5 written over an erasure.
a1: see Notes to Sign 041, and Notes to Signgroups XII.
d2: for parallelism, this should be read retrograde.

Transaction Document

The bar follows the "Balance Ledger" format (see "Transaction Documents")

Graphic summary of #063

target amount paid KO-RO₃ owed KI-RU

105 2, 20, 40 = 62 3, 20, 20 = 43

#064. KN Hh (HM no. ?), bar with 4 faces (1.5 x [1.3] x 1.5 cm)

side inscription transnumeration

a ]2030[ ]2030[

b ] vacat ? [ ] vacat ? [

c ] vacat ? [ ] vacat ? [

d ]1102[ ]1102[

Comments
Since the pierced end of the bar is not preserved, sides a/c are arbitrarily labeled.

#065. KN Hh (HM 1294+1300 [SM I, P111 + P114]), bar with 4 faces (unpierced) (6.8 x 1.3 x 1.3 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a X 1 X 1 X 072-049-071-050-005-063 1 X 047-053 1

b X 1 300 ^* 1 X 092-031 1 042 *161 Θ *161 300 *152 1

c 2 ^* 32 1 X *156 2 Δ *180 32 *152 1 X 033-047 *178 Δ

d 1 072-049 1 *158 Δ *167 Θ *155 Δ Θ

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a X 1 X 072-049-071-050-005-063 1

X 1 X 047-053 1

b X 1 X 092-031 1

*175 *161 Θ

300 *161 300

^* 1 089 *152 1

c-d 2 ^* *156 2 Λ

32 *180 32

1 *152 1

X 033-047 *178 Δ

d 1 072-049 1

*158 Δ

*167 Θ

*155 ΔΘ

Comments
Knossos Document Set 3.
The bar is not pierced.
a: for the signgroup, 072-049 KA-RO₃, see Transaction Terms; the second signgroup, 071-050-005-063, probably recurs on #066.a.
b: CHIC: X 092-031 1 is written right-to-left, perhaps over an erasure; 089 written over an erasure?
b1: for the signgroup, see Notes to Signgroups II, which suggests that it may be an abbreviation for 036-092-031; it recurs on #067.c2, and may be part of the primary heading there too.
b2: the signgroup *175 *161 may be a mistake for 042-054 as on #062; if so it would eliminate the odd repetition of *161 and could function as a transaction term parallel to what seems to be a transaction term in b4, q.v. A comparison with #066.d2, however, affirms CHIC's reading.
b4: 089 recurs only in 441 089-044 *156 441 -KO VIN 441 (#047.b). It is tempting to restore 044 here too, especially since the following sign *152 BOS is so awkwardly drawn (compare the drawn Linear A signs 390-91 & 403) and since *152 BOS is repeated (#065.c); if so, the begining of this list would resemble the list on #047.b. If so, then, the signgroup ^* 089-044 could function like a heading or transaction term for the remainder of the list, as if ^* 089-044 were a version of 044-049; this would then parallel what may have been intended in b2, q.v.
c: CHIC: the fraction Δ is incised on face d.

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a X 1 X 072-049-071-050-005-063 1 KA-RO₃ TI-Rv-PA 1

X 1 X 047-053 1 QE-JA 1

b X 1 X 092-031 1 RU-RE 1

*175 *161 Θ A *161 Θ = 1/6

300 *161 300 *161 300

^* 1 089 *152 1 089 BOS 1

c-d 2 ^* *156 2 Λ VIN 2 Λ = 2 1/2

32 *180 32 *180 32

1 *152 1 BOS 1

X 033-047 *178 Δ A*47-QE RU₂ Δ = 1/3

d 1 072-049 1 KA-RO₃ 1

*158 Δ OLE? Δ = 1/3

*167 Θ *167 Θ = 1/6

*155 ΔΘ FIC ΔΘ = 1/3+1/6 = 1/2

Commodity List

There may be as many as four separate lists here, each with its own primary or secondary heading. Bar #066 records most of the same commodities and signgroups.

Some Linear A tablets present several lists of commodities, each with its own totaling word:

2 (on different sides of the tablet: HT 11 [KU-RO]
2 on one side: HT 25b [KU-RO], HT 39 [KU-RO?], HT 88 [KI-RO, KU-RO]), HT 127b [KU-RO, KU, KU-RO]; 3 on two sides: HT 94a [KA-PA, KU-RO] & b [KI-RO, KU-RO], HT 110a [KU-PA, KU-RO] & b [KU-RO], HT 122a [KU-RO] & b [KU-RO, PO-TO-KU-RO])
several on both sides: HT 123a [KU-RO, KI-RO] & b [KU-RO, KI-RO]

A comparison between this document and #066 (see below) reveals that the commodities on faces b-d are assessments, while face d records, as it says, La KA-RO3 "actual payments," which are less than assessed (#066.a).

Taken as a continuous sequence, all the commodities are listed according to the conventional order (see Younger, Review).

The total 340

^* 3

plus the following values for the fractions (

^* = 1/2,

= 1/4,

= 1/6) yields a total 341 3/4. The way "FIC 1/2" is written on d4 (

=1/3+1/6) looks wrong since the normal sign for 1/2 (

) is probably recorded on c1; but it actually is correct, for on #066a.3 FIC is recorded as assessed at "1/2" (

). The odd way of recording 1/2 on #065.d4 possibly reflects how the assessment was paid, in 2 batches of 1/3 and 1/6 unit.

Compare
a1a: Linear A: "actual payment;" cf. KA-RU (HT 75.1; HT 97a.1)
a1b: Linear A: A-RI-PA (PE 2.3), -NA (ZA Zb 3), DA-RO-PA (HT 38.2), *079-PI (KN Wc 26b)
a2: Hieroglyphic: ^* (#063.b1, ?d2); Linear A: KO-JA (HT 119.2), ]-JA-QE (KN Za 17)
b1: Linear A: RU-RA₂ (HT 11b.1), RE-RO (HT Wc 3012)
c4: Linear A: ]-JA-QE (KN Za 17), JA-QIf (HT 28a2, b4), KA-QA (PK 1.1)

#066. KN Hh (HM 1292 [SM I, P112]), bar with 4 faces (unpierced) ([5.4] x 1.3 x 1.3 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ] ]ΛΔ *167 ΛΘ *155 Λ

b ] ]029

c ] 1 ]005-063 1

d ] 12 ]*182 12 *161 Θ

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a ] ]ΛΔ

*167 ]ΛΘ

*155 ]Λ

b ] ]029

c ] 1 ]005-063 1

d ] 12 *182 12

*161 Θ

Comments
Knossos Document Set 3.
CHIC marks this not pierced; JGY: but one end is not entirely preserved, and it could have been pierced.
c: The signgroup recurs on #065.a1, and probably is the primary heading here too. Commodity List

A comparison with #065 (see below) reveals the arrangement for #066 (face c->d->b->a), and suggests that the commodity on a1 was

*158. The comparison with #065 reveals that the two commodities on face d,

, were written in reverse order from the conventional order; it is possible that the reverse order signfied that these commodities were "owed" (cf. #118, List 2); this would imply that the numbers of these commodities on #065 were assessments. The amounts on #065.d, however, cannot represent assessments, since the counterpart amounts on #066a are equal or more - face a on #066 must record assessments, and face d on #065 must record, as it says,

KA-RO₃, "actual payments."

#066		#065
b.		a1a.
c. ]		a1b.		1
		a2.		1
		b1.		1
d2.	= 1/6	b2.		= 1/6
		b3.		300
		b4.	^*	1
		c1.		2 ^* = 1/2
d1.	12	c2.		32
		c3.	^*	1
		c4.		= 1/3
		d1.		1
a1.	] = 5/6	d2.		= 1/3
a2.	= 2/3	d3.		= 1/6
a3.		d4.		= 1/2

JGY normalizes and reorders the lines

side inscription transnumeration normalization

b ] ]029 ]-MA

c ] 1 ]005-063 1 -TI-]-Rv-PA 1

d ] 12 ]*182 12 ] 12

*161 Θ Θ = 1/6

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

a1 ] ]ΛΔ OLE] ]ΛΔ = 5/6

a2 *167 ΛΘ ΛΘ = 2/3

a3 *155 Λ FIC Λ = 1/2

Compare
c: Linear A: A-RI-PA (PE 2.3), -NA (ZA Zb 3), DA-RO-PA (HT 38.2), *079-PI (KN Wc 26b)

#067. KN Hh (HM 1299 [SM I, P113]), bar with 4 faces (unpierced) ([3.8] x 1.2 x 1.2 cm)
As on the bar

side inscription transnumeration

a ] 100 1 ]Δ *171 100 *155 ΔΘ *156 1

b ] 1 ] *180 1

c ] 1 X 1 ]*152 1 X 092-031 1

d X •[ X •[

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

a ] ]Δ

100 *171 100

*155 ΔΘ

1 *156

b ] 1 ] *180 1

c ] 1 ]*152 1

X 1 X 092-031 1

d X •[ X •[

Comments
Knossos Document Set 3.
CHIC marks this not pierced, but one end is not entirely preserved, and it could have been pierced.
c: CHIC: mark of a string after the second 1.
d: CHIC: trace of one or two signs.
c2: or the signgroup, see Notes to Signgroups II, which suggests that it may be an abbreviation for 036-092-031; it recurs on #065.b1, and probably is part of the primary heading here too.

Commodity List

The commodities were not listed on #067 according to the conventional order for listing commodities; the faces should be read as CHIC has it: a->b->c->d.

A comparison with #065 and with the conventional order for listing commodities suggests that the scribe misplaced *155 FICUS and put the heading (c2 + d) at the end.

A comparison between all three documents (see Knossos Set 3A) reveals that #066 and #067 do not overlap (except in *155 FICUS misplaced on #067 and the recording of different amounts of

*180 on #066 and #067, the total of which (13) does not account for the total on #065 (32).

#067				#065
				a1a.
				a1b.		1
d	X •[			a2.		1
c2	X		1	b1.		1
a1.			= 1/3	b2.		= 1/6
				b3.		300
a2.			100	b4.	^*	1
a4.			1	c1.		2 ^* = 1/2
b.			1	c2.		32
c1.		]^*	1	c3.	^*	1
				c4		= 1/3
				d1.		1
a1.			] = 5/6	d2.		= 1/3
a2.			= 2/3	d3.		= 1/6
a3.				d4.		= 1/2

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration normalization

a ] ]Δ ]Δ = 1/3

100 *171 100 100

*155 ΔΘ FIC ΔΘ = 1/2

1 *156 VIN 1

b ] 1 ] *180 1 ] 1

c ]^* 1 ]*152 1 BOS 1

X 1 X 092-031 1 X RU-RE 1

d X •[ X •[ X •[

Compare
c2: Linear A: RU-RA2 (HT 11b.1), RE-RO (HT Wc 3012)

#068. KN Hi 01 (HM 1268 [SM I, P120]), tablet (7.3 x 4.9 x 1.2 cm)
As on the tablet

side inscription transnumeration

r.A ^* 10 ^* 5 1 *156 10 *151 5 *175 Π Π Π

r.B ^* 15 ^* 8 *153 15 *154 8 Π Π Π

v vacat vacat

CHIC normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

r.A ^* 10 *156 10
^* 5 *151 5
1 *175 1 ΠΠΠ

r.B ^* 15 *153 15

^* 8 *154 8 ΠΠΠ

v vacat vacat

Commodity List.

The commodities follow the conventional order.

From the numbers, the document presents 2 lists of ratios:

= 2 : 1

The document could therefore list rations, with the personnel sign

*151 functioning as a unit: "for every 5

there should be the following commodities ..." (in Linear A, PE 1 gives the ratio VIR:GRA at 1:2, and on HT 28 & 114, the ratio VINa:GRA:OLE+BOS = 1:1).

	151 VIR₃*	*175 A	154 OLIV*	*156 VIN	*153 GRA
amounts	5	1 ΠΠΠ = 1 3/4	8 ΠΠΠ = 8 3/4	10	15
proportion	unit = 1.000	0.350	1.750	2	3

JGY normalizes

side inscription transnumeration

r.A ^* 10 *156 10 VIN 10

^* 5 *151 5 VIR₃ 5

1 *175 1 ΠΠΠ A 1 ΠΠΠ = 1 3/4

r.B ^* 15 *153 15 GRA 15

^* 8 *154 8 ΠΠΠ OLIV 8 ΠΠΠ = 8 3/4

v vacat vacat vacat

#069. KN Hi 02 (HM -), tablet ([1.7] x [1.7] x 0.6)

side inscription transnumeration

r.1 ]••[ ]•-073-•[

r.2 ]^*[ ]073-070[ ><

infra mutila infra mutila

supra mutila supra mutila

v ][ ]038[

JGY normalizes

r.1 ]••[ ]•-073-•[ •-KU₃-•

r.2 ]^*[ ]073-070[ >< ]KU₃-RO[

infra mutila infra mutila infra mutila

supra mutila supra mutila supra mutila

v ][ ]038[ ]JA[

Compare
r2.: Linear A: KU-RO ("balance," "total")

Back to the Homepage

Comments, corrections, questions: John Younger (jyounger@ku.edu)

side	inscription/seal impression	transnumeration
a	no seal impression
b	vacat
g	X ^*	X 053-034-031-070
d	vacat

HT 9 (GORILA I: 18-19)	CHIC #039
list 1
a.1: SA-*315 TE VINa
a2: SO-RO	a2: SO-RO
a.2-3: *306-TU 10	a1: KU-TU
a.5-6: A-RU 4 E	a3: AI-RU₂

list 2
b.2-3: A-SI or A-RU 3	a3. AI-RU₂
b.3: *306-TU 8	b1. KI-TU 120

HT 94 (GORILA I: 150-153, summarized)			CHIC #040
side: statement	logogram	number	statement
a.1: KA-PA	VIR	62	a2: Kv-PA₃
a.1:	*86	20
a.2:	TI+A	7
a.2:	VIR+*313b	18
a.2:	TA	4
a.3: KU-RO		110
a.3: SA-RA₂	CYP	5	a1: SA-RO
b.1: KI-RO
b.1: TU-MA		1
b.1: PA-TA-NE		1
b.2: DE-DI		1
b.2: KE-KI-RU		1
b.3: SA-RU		1
b.4: KU-RO		5	b1: KO-RO₃ 2
b.5: RA-RI-DE-ME-TE (restored)		1	b2: Rv-RE 4

line	inscription	transnumeration	normalization
a-b1.	] 200	]038-010-068 153 200*	]JA-010-068 153 GRA* 200

target amount	individual payments owed	subtotal	balance
1000	a-c. 60, 40, 20, ]50, 50, 70	b. 290	]^* 710

commodities	total commodities	personnel	commodities per VIR₂
List 1: VAS 170 176 160* List 2: BOS + (=50) VAS 110 176 170*	= 330 List 1 = 330 List 2 total: 660	22	660 commodities/22 people = 30 commodities per person

a0. [••• 1	a1. •] 1	a2. 1
b0. [••• 1	b1. -]^* 1	b2. X 1
c0. [••• 1	c1. ••]• 1	c2. ^* 1
d0. [••• 1	d1.•]^* 1	d2. 1
e. 12

a0. [••• 1	a1. •]023-032 1	a2. 042-056-031- 1
b0. [••• 1	b1. 092-]057 034-056 1	b2. X 037-011-029 1
c0. [••• 1	c1. ••]• 1	c2. 009-019-070 1
d0. [••• 1	d1.•]092-049 1	d2. 034-056 019-049 1
e. 056-070-070 12

a0. [••• 1	a1. ]TU-RE 1	a2. A-KU-RE 1
b0. [••• 1	b1. RU-]KI TA-KU 1	b2. Rv-SI-MA 1
c0. [••• 1	c1. ••]• 1	c2. A₂-SA-RO 1
d0. [••• 1	d1. ]RU-RO₃ 1	d2. TA-KU SA-RO₃ 1
e. KU-RO-RO 12

a1	] \|		]006-057-092
		105[ \|		105[ \|
a2	]	3 \|	]041-006	3 \|
	[		044-049[
b1	]^* ><	20 [ ] \|	]057-053 ><	20 [ ] \|
	[ ] ><	20[	[ ]049-061 ><	20[
b2, c, d1	desunt		desunt
d2	][ ><		]053-006[ ><

target amount	paid KO-RO₃	owed KI-RU
105	2, 20, 40 = 62	3, 20, 20 = 43

a1	] \|	105[	041-]006 057-092 \|	105[	WA] NWA KI-RU \| 105
a2	<> 3 \|	[ 2]	]041-006 <057-092> 3 \|	044-049[ 2]	WA NWA <KI-RU> 3 \| KO-RO₃[ 2
b1	]^<> 20 [ ] \|*	[] 20[ ] \|	041-006] 057-<092> *053 20[ ]	[044-]049-061 20[	WA NWA] KI<-RU> JA 20 \| [KO-]RO₃ 20
d2	] <> [	40]	041-]006 <057-092> *053[ 20	044-049 40]	WA] NWA <KI-RU> JA [20 \| [KO-RO₃ 40
b2, c, d1	desunt		desunt		desunt

r.1	]••[	]•-073-•[	•-KU₃-•
r.2	]^*[	]073-070[ ><	]KU₃-RO[
	infra mutila	infra mutila	infra mutila

	supra mutila	supra mutila	supra mutila
v	][	]038[	]JA[