inaugural date: 2 January 2005; last update: 17 June 2023
Comments,
corrections, questions: John
Younger
(jyounger@ku.edu)
In the commentary (not in the headings), CHIC documents
(numbers
preceded by #) in bold (e.g.,
#225) are sealstones
or impressions.
In the "normalizations"
(phonetic readings) suggested below, the
phonetic identifications of the
Hiero signs are based on Notes on the Signs,
a separate study
of the individual signs, their resemblances to Linear
A/B signs and the
patterns of their use in Hiero. The phonetic values of
signs in
black are considered certain; those in
red are considered probable; and those in
green are considered possible. With
green values, sometimes only the consonant
is
guessed
and the syllable is then rendered as in the following Kv.
A raised asterisk after the syllabogram
indicates the reading is doubtful
(e.g.,
Notes
For best viewing results, widen this webfile to
at least 25 cm.
*),
similarly for the underlined
transnumeration and normalization (e.g.,
042
A).
GO Yb O1 (Gournia Excavation Project): inv. 14.1029, potter's
batt (two joining fragments from south of the Potter's Workshop, Area 106NE
(trench 99, mixed context but mainly MM II-III with unclear LM I-III). The
context looks like a dump or fill acumulating over time and including scoops,
a kiln stand (?), potter's tools (rib, wheel socle base), a ceramic figurine
of a horned beetle (like those from peak santuaries), and an architectonic
lentoid sealstone (MM III).
| inscription | transnumeration |
X  *[
| X 042-003-[ |
GO Yb 01 in AB values
| signgroup |
| X A-VIR3[ |
Comments
VIR3 occurs rarely (see Notes to Signs /SignNotes.html): KN #049.d2 (/KNtexts.html); KN #053.aA
(/KNtexts.html); KN #060.a (/KNtexts.html); MA/P #109a, 2; and incised on a pot from MA town (MA Yb 04; below). On two KN texts
(#053 and #060) the sign ends the same word: 
028-049-041-003
#316 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yb 01: HMp 18382 [Mu I 35],
Chamaizi Vase; from V 5
| inscription | transnumeration |
X    | X 049-041-006-025 |
Comments
Cf. 
* 049-041-006-057
(#327). Notes to Sign 041, App. VI, and Notes to Signgroups, App. XVI
suggest separating the signs thus: or
.
#316 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| RO3-WA-NWA-TE | U-NA-RU-KA-NA-TI (PK Za 11c), A-RI-NI-TA (HT 25a.3, ZA 8.2-3), DA-RU-NE-TE (HT 98b.2), I-*79-RI-NI-TA (PH 6.2) |
#317 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yb 02: MASM M 67/260 [Mu I 37],
pithos; from Mu III 8
| inscription | transnumeration |
 *  * *
>< | 042-057-010-034-028-093-065 |
Comments
CHIC: Sign 010 or 088? Sign 093, 031 or 049? Sign 070 at the end (Mu
I) is excluded. JGY: For the possibility that the penultimate sign is
031, cf. 
^gt;? 070-028-031 (#307.b).
Since 042 is an initial, the signgroup
begins there; the last two signs may be retrograde.
Sign * 010 is doubtful; sign 057 lacks the usual haft in signs incised on clay -
haftless, it resembles 057 on sealstones.
Sign * 093 appears only here.
The way the signs were written on the pithos suggests separations: the
first four signs are arranged in a straight line, but 028 is positioned above 034
and the final two signs are placed at some distance away, 065 above * 093. The
first three signs may be a separate signgroup; see Inflection Sequence 1.
JGY normalizes
*
** ><
042-057-010-034 028 093-065 >< There is no Linear A parallel for A-KI-RI-TA, but if A were the common prefix, there are parallels for KI-RI-TA, and, with a suffix, SU-KI-RI-TA (PH Wa 32; cf. HT HT Zb 158b).
#317 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| A-KI-RI-TA KU2 NU?-TI or TI-NU? | KI-RI-TA2 (HT 114a.1; HT 121.1
(heading/placename), KI-RE-TA2 (HT 85b.1-2; HT 129.1); the objective
]KI-RE-TA-NA (KH 2.3, 2nd heading). Cf. SU-KI-RI-TA (PH Wa 32; cf. HT HT
Zb 158b) KU common (e.g., HT 127b.4-5; HT Wa 1471-1622); and as adjunct *188+KU, TELA+KU, GRA+KU TU-NU (KA Zf 1) |
#318 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yb 03: MASM M 68/151 [Mu I 38],
plate; from Mu IV 4, central compartment
| inscription | transnumeration |
 * >< | 051-092-092 >< |
Comments
CHIC: the drawing of 051 is rather crude; one might also consider 037.
The inscription was incised after firing.
Compare 051-051-051-041 (#089.b2),
and X 
7000 X 016-038-007
*051 7000 (#090.a-b), both from Mallia Mu.
#318 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| >KI-RU-RU
<RU-RU-KI | ~KI-RO ("owed");
cf. KA-RE-RO (HT Wc 3003) cf. RU-RA2 (HT 11b.1); cf. A-RU 1 • 1 , *312 1 (HT 49a.6) |
#319 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yb 04: MASM 65 M/H 200 [Mu I 39],
pithos cover; from Mu
| inscription | transnumeration |
] *  ><
| ]088-087-070-027 >< |
Comments
CHIC: 087, certainly not 072 (Mu I). The inscription was incised
after firing.
Sign 088 occurs only one other time: X 160 -003/VIR3 160 (#049.d2). If
an adjunct, it would then function like Linear A *313 which occurs in
three versions, all only with VIR. This suggests that VIR might have
occurred before the break in the sherd. In three Linear A documents,
VIR+*313 occurs at the end of a list (HT 89.3; HT 94a.2; HT 100.3) and
just before the total (KU-RO; also see HT 127b.5); *313 occurs thrice
more, as part of a couple VIR+*313b and CYP+D, on just one document KH
7a.2-5. It is possible, then that the rest of the inscription here,
087-070-027 A*301-RO-RA3, is some
version of KU-RO.
JGY normalizes
+]* ><
003+]088 087-070-027 >< #319 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| >VIR3+]A*313-A*301-RO-RA3 <RA3-RO-A*301-A*313[ | VIR+*313
KU-RO ("balance," "total") SA-*301-RI (ZA 11b.1); cf. VIR+*313c ... *310 (HT 127b.4-5) |
#320 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yb 05: MASM 68 M/H 205 [Mu I 400,
base of a small vase; from Mu III 3b
| inscription | transnumeration |
 >? | 041-059-025 >? |
Comments
The signgroup may be intact or consist of a signgroup plus logogram or
a string of logograms; see Notes to sign 041, App. VI.
#320 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| WA-MA-TE | A-MI-TA (ZA 10b.4-5) |
#321 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yb 06: MASM 69 M/H 206 [Mu I 41],
sherd; from Mu H/J 3 east part
| inscription | transnumeration |
] ><
| ]056-070 >< |
#321 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| ]KU-RO | ~KU-RO ("balance," "total") |
#322 MA/M (Malia, Quartier Mu) Yc 01: HMp 18383[Mu I 36], Chamaizi
Vase; from Mu III 4, west bench
| inscription | transnumeration |
X   | 008-068 |
Comments
CHIC: or 096- ? Inscribed in black paint (before firing?).
Notes to Sign 068, App. XXIX, suggests that
068 is a terminal. For the signgroup, compare <
<-070-050-056 009-068
(#119.v), and * 
009-068 *011 (#225, normalized).
Phonetically, the signgroup recurs on Chamaizi Vase, #329, and
probably on #331.
#322 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| A-Rv | A-RI (PH 6.1, 3), A-RU (HT 9a.5-6, b.2-3; HT 49a.6) |
#323 MA/N (Malia, Quartier Nu) Yb 01: MASM N 2260, pithos cover;
from outside the Chrysolakkos.
| inscription | transnumeration |
| X [ | 006[ |
#323 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| NWA[ |
#324 MA/N (Malia, Quartier Nu) Yb 02: HMp 11149, Chamaizi Vase
from Quartier Nu, charnier 3 (EM III-MM II)
| inscription | transnumeration |
X   | X 057-023-070-018 |
Comments
Mallia Document Sets, II: Palace 1, related
The same signgroup probably recurs: ] [ ]023 018-070[ (#055.a),
and see Notes to Signgroups, App. XX and 06b Transaction Terms, App.
XXVIII, both of which suggest separating 018.
If the two signgroups are basically identical, the switch in the last
two signs may reflect differences between the two supports, their
provenance, and their context dates.
#324 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| KI-TU-RO-RA4 | QE/KA-TI-RA-DU (HT 58.1) |
#325 MA/P (Malia, Palace) Yb 01: HMp no. ? [ÉM], Chamaizi
Vase
| inscription | transnumeration |
| [ | 028[ |
#324 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| KU2[ | KU-RO ? |
#326 MA/P (Malia, Palace) Yb 02: HMp 7833 [ÉM], Chamaizi
Vase
| inscription | transnumeration |
]• | ]•-053 |
Comments
CHIC: For the sign to the left of the "jug", cf. Chapouthier 1946, p.
89, whose "double horn" is hardly convincing.
#326 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| ]•-JA |
#327 MA/P (Malia, Palace) Yb 03: HMp no. ?, Chamaizi Vase
| inscription | transnumeration |
| * | 049-041-006-057 |
Comments
Cf. 049-041-006-025 (#316,
#327). Notes to Sign 041, App. VI, and Notes to Signgroups, App. XVI
suggest separating the signs thus: *
or *.
#327 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| RO3-WA-NWA-KI | U-NA-RU-KA-NA-TI (PK Za 11c), A-RI-NI-TA (HT 25a.3, ZA 8.2-3), DA-RU-NE-TE (HT 98b.2), I-*79-RI-NI-TA (PH 6.2) |
#328 MA/V (Malia, Town) Ya 01: HM E 415. Offering table of blue
limestone (Chapouthier, "Inscription hiéroglyphique gravée sur un bloc de calcaire," BCH 62, 1938, 104-109; context not datable)
| inscription | transnumeration |
 *     | 062-034-002-056-070-025-019-051-070-094-034-056-077-049-038-029 |
Comments
CHIC: a piece carrying the extreme left of the first sign is now
missing: sign 065 is therefore theoretically
possible, but see Marinatos's drawing (JdI 52, 1937, cols. 229-230) and
Chapouthier 1938 (in Chapouthier 1937, there is an initial mark).
Some sign combinations appear in other documents:
| * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| X | | X 034-002 20 (#058.c2) | ||||||||||||||
| X | | | X 008-056-070 (#132) | |||||||||||||
X  | | |  | X 022-056-070-061 (*#071) | ||||||||||||
| 056-070 KU-RO ~ Linear A KU-RO ("balance", "total") | |||||||||||||||
| | | cf. 070-031-034 (#054.e) [also 070-031-019 (#056.aA)]. Linear A RU-SA (HT 96a.3) and Linear B Ru-SI (KN Ak 634L, X8214B, and L 588.01) | |||||||||||||
| X
| | X 034-056 6400 (#049.c1); Notes to Signgroups, App. XXII | ||||||||||||||
| X
| | X 056-077 (#112.b, #113.b2, #200) | ||||||||||||||
| X
| | | X 029-077-049 (#295.b) | |||||||||||||
| [ | 049-038[ (E113.a) | ||||||||||||||
| | * | 011-038-029 (#072) |
JGY normalizes, based on the above
| | |  | | |
| 062-034-002 | 056-070 | 025-019-051 | 070-094-034 | 056-077 | 049-038-029 |
| ]NA-TA-VIR2 | KU-RO | TE-SA-KI | RO-E-TA | KU-RU2 | RO3-JA-MA |
#328 in AB values
| word | signgroup | transaction | LinearA |
| 1. | ]NA-TA-VIR2 | common ending -NA-TE, NA-TI; cf. VIR+KA ... NA-TI (HT 97a.1, 4), VIR ... TA-NA-TI (HT 7a.1, 4), VIR ... KU-PA3-NA-TU (HT 119a.1, 3) | |
| 2. | KU-RO | KU-RO ("balance," "total") | |
| 3. | TE-SA-KI | TU-SU (PK 1.6-7); TE-JA ("five"; HT Zd 156); I 051 = ? fraction (see notes to #089, and Notes to Sign 051) | |
| 4. | RO-E-TA | ||
| 5. | KU-RU2 | KU-RO ("balance," "total") | |
| 6. | RO3-JA-MA | RU-JA (KN Wc 26 ), ]RE-JA-MA[ (TRA Zb 1
alternative) cf. common endings -RA-JA (KI-KI-RA-JA, HT 85b.1), -RI-JA (e.g., KU-PA3-RI-JA & PA-SA-RI-JA: HT 24a.1), -RU-JA (I-RU-JA, HT 7a.2; ) |
Given the parallels, it is remotely possible that this inscription records
| adj/verb | place | commodity | transaction |
| ]NA-TA | VIR2 | KU-RO | |
| TE-SA-KI | |||
| RO-E-TA | |||
| KU-RU2 | |||
| RO3-JA-MA |
#329 MA/V (Malia, Town) Yb 01: HMp 11158, base of a Chamaizi Vase
| inscription | transnumeration |
| X | X 049-042 |
Comments
Mallia Document Sets, II: Palace 1, related
CHIC reads an initial X, but the mark, perhaps a potter's mark, is
placed at a little distance from the signgroup.
Since 042 is an initial, the inscription
should be read retrograde.
Phonetically, the signgroup recurs on Chamaizi Vase, #322, and
probably #331.
JGY normalizes
042-049#329 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| <A-RO3 | A-RI (PH 6.1, 3), A-RU (HT 9a.5-6, b.2-3; HT 49a.6) |
#330 MA/V (Malia, Town) Yb 02: MASM 90-109/4.1, amphora handle
| inscription | transnumeration |
] •[ ><
| ]029-064-•[ >< |
#330 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| >]MA-DA-•[ <]•-DA-MA[ | MA-DA-TI (PK 1.8) DU-DA-MA (HT 6b.4), I-DA-MA-TE (AR Zf 1 & 2), MI-DA-MA-RA2 (ARCH Zf 9) |
MA/V (Malia, Town) Yb 03: MASM 93.0540.28, amphora handle
(Schoep, Ilse. 1995. "A New Cretan
Hieroglyphic Inscription from Malia (MA/V Yb 03)," Kadmos 34:
63-77)
| inscription | transnumeration | normalization |
| ] [ | ]042-028[ | ]A-KU2[ |
Compare
Linear A: A-KI-RO (ARKH
4b.4)
MA/V (Malia, Town) Yb 04, pot from Building Π, Court 25 (Protopalatial) (AR 58, 2011-2012, 72 [no illustration])
| inscription | transnumeration | normalization |
| * | 023-025-003 | TU-TE VIR3 |
CHIC
#122. PH Hi 01 (HM 1), Tablet: SM I P.121, pp. 21, 148, 179:
from the palace, but recognized only after being excavated, 1901:
MonAnt 12, 1902, pp. 96-97, pl. VIII, fig. 2; 13, 1903, p. 26, fig.
11) (8.1 x 4.1 x 1.1 cm)
As on the tablet
| side | inscription | transnumeration |
| r.1 |  ** 
20 
20 
20 
20 | 038-047-047 *153 20Δ *158 20Δ *154 20Δ *155 20Δ |
| r.2 |
25
25* 
25* 25 | *153 25ΔΣ
*158 25ΔΣ *154
25Σ *155 25Σ
|
| v | vacat | vacat |
CHIC normalizes
| side | inscription | transnumeration | ||
| r.1 | ** |
20 | 038-047-047 | *153 20Δ |
| 20 | *158 20Δ | |||
| 20 | *154 20Δ | |||
| 20 | *155 20Δ | |||
| r.2 | 25 | *153 25ΔΣ | ||
|
25* | *158
25ΔΣ
| |||
| 25* | *154 25Σ | |||
| 25 | *155 25Σ | |||
| v | vacat | vacat |
Comments
CHIC: Linear A according to Raison-Pope
1994, 265-6
(PH 32).
r.1.2: *158 recurs only on KN bar
#065.
The document presents two lists (r.1 & r.2) of the same commodities,
ordered in the same order. The first list has a heading ** 038-047-047; the second
list has none. The second list records amounts of 5-plus over those of
the first list. One interpretation would be to see list 2 as a target and
list 1 as amounts collected; on the model of #118, ** 038-047-047 could even be
similar to KU-RO-RO (see #061). The Linear A parallels suggest a
retrograde reading for this signgroup.
JGY normalizes
| side | inscription | transnumeration | transnumeration | |||
| r.1 | ** |
20 | 038-047-047 | *153 20Δ | JA-QE-QE | GRA 20 1/3 |
|
20 | *158 20Δ | OLE 20 1/3 | ||||
|
20 | *154 20Δ | OLIV 20 1/3 | ||||
|
20 | *155 20Δ | FIC 20 1/3 | ||||
| r.2 | vacat | 25 | *153 25ΔΣ | GRA 25 1/3 Σ | ||
|
25* | *158
25ΔΣ
| OLE 25
1/3 Σ | ||||
| 25* | *154 25Σ | OLIV 25 Σ | ||||
| 25 | *155 25 | *155 25 | FIC 25 | |||
| v | vacat | vacat | vacat |
Compare
r.1: Linear A: JA-QE (HT 37.6 alternative),
]-JA-QE (KN Za 17); or, if retrograde, QA-QA-RU (HT 93a.4; HT 111a.3; HT
118.2-3; HT 122b.3-4); QA-QA-DA (PE
2.3-4)
#331 PRODROMOS Yb 01: drawing in SM I, Chamaizi Vase
(according to
Sabine Beckman [pers. com. email 6 Sep 2009): "Prodromos" is actually
"Prodromos Botzano," as given by Evans. Beckman has determined that
this is the area around a small church
south and above the plateia of Kritsa, opposite the large modern
church.
| inscription | transnumeration |
X  | X 042-091 |
#331 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| A- |
091 (hapax here) is a tripliate of 049,
and she compares #329 from MA Ville
(Quartier Theta [Malia beach]): X X 049-042; if so, then compare #322 and #329.
, ]TE-JA[.
| inscription | transnumeration | |
| 025-056 |
PYR Yb 01 in AB values
| signgroup | Linear A |
| 025-056 | TE-KU |
| side | inscription | transnumeration | normalization |
| A-B | ]
 
|  | ] *171 *308 | *159 *308 | ] *171 Koppa | *159 Koppa |
Comments
The lame's inscription is somewhat similar
to those using fractions found on a few seals (CHIC #206,
#291, #292; and KN S = CMS II 3.23) reconstructed in Notes
to Signgroups XV. From the discussion there, if might be possible to
recognize in *159 the logogram for
CYP.
Comments, corrections, questions: John
Younger
(jyounger@ku.edu)